"Of all the writers of the 20s-30s of the 20th century, Mikhail Bulgakov is probably the most preserved in the Russian public consciousness. He is preserved not so much by his biography, from which his letters to Stalin and the only telephone conversation with the tyrant are usually remembered, but with his brilliant works, the main of which is "The Master and Margarita". Each next generation of readers opens the novel with new facets. Let us recall at least the "sturgeon of the second freshness", and the sad thought will come to mind that forever in Russia everything is second freshness, everything except literature. Bulgakov just brilliantly proved this, "- this is how, in a few words, Boris Sokolov, a well-known researcher of Bulgakov's work, managed to show what contribution the writer made to Russian and world literature. Outstanding creative minds recognize the novel "The Master and Margarita" as one of the greatest creations of the twentieth century. Not everyone is able to comprehend The Master and Margarita in the ideological and philosophical vein that the author suggests. Of course, in order to penetrate, to understand all the details of the novel, a person must have a high cultural preparedness and historical awareness on many issues, but the phenomenon of perception of the work is that the “Master and Margarita” is also reread by the young. The fact is, probably, that young people are attracted by the fantastic nature of a work with an element of a fairy tale, and even if a teenager is not able to understand the complex truths and deep meaning of a work, he perceives what can make imagination and fantasy work. Bulgakov, anticipating his death, realized "The Master and Margarita" as "the last sunset novel", as a testament, as his message to humanity (what is most surprising, he wrote this work "on the table", for himself, not at all confident in the prospect of publishing a masterpiece ). In this work, the author reflects on such global topics as good and evil, life and death, God and the Devil, love and friendship, what is the truth, who is a Man, how does power act on him and over many others. The main idea of ​​the novel is the struggle between good and evil, the concepts of inseparable and eternal. The composition of the novel is as original as the genre - a novel within a novel. One - about the fate of the Master, the other about Pontius Pilate. On the one hand, they are opposed to each other, on the other hand, they seem to form a single whole. This novel in the novel collects global problems and contradictions. The masters are concerned with the same problems as Pontius Pilate. At the end of the novel, you can see how Moscow connects with Yershalaim, that is, one novel is combined with another and goes into one storyline. Reading the work, we are in two dimensions at once: the 30s of the 20th century and the 30s of the 1st century AD. We see that the events took place in the same month and a few days before Easter, only with an interval of 1900 years, which proves a deep connection between the Moscow and Yershalaim chapters. The action of the novel, which is separated by almost two thousand years, harmonizes with each other, and their fight against evil, the search for truth and creativity connect them. And yet the main character of the novel is love. Love is what captivates the reader. In general, the theme of love is the most beloved for the writer. According to the author, all the happiness that has fallen in a person's life comes from their love. Love elevates a person above the world, comprehends the spiritual. It seems to me that such concepts as "God" and "Love" are closely connected in life, since God begins with Love, and Love is a divine power. In Bulgakov's work, the theme of love is revealed from a new angle. It is inseparable from suffering. The writer fully shows us that there are no barriers to selfless, faithful, holy love. Any intrigues will be overcome. Margarita, being in the grip of a strong feeling, sells her soul to the Devil in the name of saving her loved one. Her boundless, pure love is so strong that even Woland cannot resist it. True love is omnipotent and eternal. She saves and forgives. This love is ready for self-sacrifice in the name of happiness, life. She knows no boundaries, passes through all obstacles. This love carries the power of life, it leads to salvation. And "who said that there is no true, true, eternal love in the world?" So, we see that feelings dominate people, but Bulgakov not only speaks about the power of love, he also emphasizes the power of fear over a person. We understand this from the example of Pontius Pilate. The fifth procurator of Judea is afraid of losing his position, destroying his career, and that is the only reason why he goes to kill a peaceful philosopher, after which his conscience torments him and will torment him for another "twelve thousand moons." Conscience, by the way, also has tremendous power over a person: after all, not even a day has passed since the Roman governor regretted what he had done, and now, at night, "he will do anything to save from execution a decidedly innocent thoughtless dreamer and doctor !"
The theme of good and evil is also interestingly covered in the novel. This theme has always occupied a leading place in Russian philosophy and literature. At first, the concepts of good and evil were not considered as derivatives of the will of man. But Bulgakov refuted this idea and revealed to us in his novel one of the most important truths of mankind: the oblivion of good inevitably brings evil to life, they are inseparable like light and shadow. In the novel The Master and Margarita, the two main forces of good and evil, which, according to Bulgakov, should be in balance on Earth, are embodied in the images of Yeshua Ha-Notsri from Yershalaim, and Woland, Satan in human form. Apparently, Bulgakov, in order to show that good and evil exist outside of time and for thousands of years people live according to their laws, placed Yeshua at the beginning of a new time, in the fictional masterpiece of the Master, and Woland, as the arbiter of cruel justice, in Moscow in the 30s. The latter came to Earth to restore harmony where it had been broken in favor of evil, which included lies, stupidity, hypocrisy and, finally, betrayal that filled Moscow. Like good and evil, Yeshua and Woland are internally interconnected and, opposing, cannot do without each other. This relationship in the novel is expressed in the descriptions of both characters - the author focuses on the same things. Woland "in appearance - more than forty years old", and Yeshua - twenty-seven; "the man had a big bruise under his left eye...", while Woland's "right eye is black, the left one is green for some reason"; Ga-Notsri "had an abrasion with dried blood in the corner of his mouth", and Woland had "some kind of crooked mouth", Woland "was in an expensive gray suit ... He famously twisted his gray beret in his ear ...", Yeshua appears before the procurator dressed "in an old and torn blue tunic. His head was covered with a white bandage with a strap around his forehead ...". And, finally, Woland openly declared that he was a polyglot, and Yeshua, although he did not say this, but in addition to the Aramaic language, he also knew Greek and Latin. But the dialectical unity, the complementarity of good and evil is most fully revealed in the words of Woland, addressed to Levi Matthew, who refused to wish health to the "spirit of evil and the lord of shadows": "You pronounced your words as if you do not recognize shadows, and also evil. Would you be so kind as to think about the question: what would your good do if evil did not exist, and what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it? ... You are stupid. How does Woland appear? On the Patriarch's Ponds, he appears before Berlioz and Ivan Bezdomny, representatives of Soviet literature, who, sitting on a bench, again, nineteen centuries later, judge Christ and deny his divinity and his very existence. Woland tries to convince them of the existence of God and the devil. So, again, a certain connection between them opens up: the devil (that is, Woland) exists because Christ exists (in the novel - Yeshua Ha-Nozri), and to deny him means to deny his existence. This is one side of the issue. The other is that Woland is really ".

"Of all the writers of the 20s-30s of the 20th century, Mikhail Bulgakov is probably the most preserved in the Russian public consciousness. He is preserved not so much by his biography, from which his letters to Stalin and the only telephone conversation with the tyrant are usually remembered, but with his brilliant works, the main of which is "The Master and Margarita". Each next generation of readers opens the novel with new facets. Let us recall at least the "sturgeon of the second freshness", and the sad thought will come to mind that forever in Russia everything is second freshness, everything except literature. Bulgakov just brilliantly proved this, "- this is how, in a few words, Boris Sokolov, a well-known researcher of Bulgakov's work, managed to show what contribution the writer made to Russian and world literature. Outstanding creative minds recognize the novel "The Master and Margarita" as one of the greatest creations of the twentieth century. Not everyone is able to comprehend The Master and Margarita in the ideological and philosophical vein that the author suggests.

Of course, in order to penetrate, to understand all the details of the novel, a person must have a high cultural preparedness and historical awareness on many issues, but the phenomenon of perception of the work is that the “Master and Margarita” is also reread by the young. The fact is, probably, that young people are attracted by the fantastic nature of a work with an element of a fairy tale, and even if a teenager is not able to understand the complex truths and deep meaning of a work, he perceives what can make imagination and fantasy work. Bulgakov, anticipating his death, realized "The Master and Margarita" as "the last sunset novel", as a testament, as his message to humanity (what is most surprising, he wrote this work "on the table", for himself, not at all confident in the prospect of publishing a masterpiece ). In this work, the author reflects on such global topics as good and evil, life and death, God and the Devil, love and friendship, what is the truth, who is a Man, how does power act on him and over many others. The main idea of ​​the novel is the struggle between good and evil, the concepts of inseparable and eternal.

The composition of the novel is as original as the genre - a novel within a novel. One - about the fate of the Master, the other about Pontius Pilate. On the one hand, they are opposed to each other, on the other hand, they seem to form a single whole. This novel in the novel collects global problems and contradictions. The masters are concerned with the same problems as Pontius Pilate.

At the end of the novel, you can see how Moscow connects with Yershalaim, that is, one novel is combined with another and goes into one storyline. Reading the work, we are in two dimensions at once: the 30s of the 20th century and the 30s of the 1st century AD. We see that the events took place in the same month and a few days before Easter, only with an interval of 1900 years, which proves a deep connection between the Moscow and Yershalaim chapters. The action of the novel, which is separated by almost two thousand years, harmonizes with each other, and their fight against evil, the search for truth and creativity connect them. And yet the main character of the novel is love.

Love is what captivates the reader. In general, the theme of love is the most beloved for the writer. According to the author, all the happiness that has fallen in a person's life comes from their love. Love elevates a person above the world, comprehends the spiritual. It seems to me that such concepts as "God" and "Love" are closely connected in life, since God begins with Love, and Love is a divine power. In Bulgakov's work, the theme of love is revealed from a new angle.

It is inseparable from suffering. The writer fully shows us that there are no barriers to selfless, faithful, holy love. Any intrigues will be overcome.

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Introduction

The analysis of the novel "The Master and Margarita" has been the subject of study of literary critics throughout Europe for many decades. The novel has a number of features, such as the non-standard form of "a novel within a novel", an unusual composition, rich themes and content. It was not in vain that it was written at the end of the life and career of Mikhail Bulgakov. The writer put all his talent, knowledge and imagination into the work.

Genre of the novel

The work "The Master and Margarita", the genre of which critics define as a novel, has a number of features inherent in its genre. These are several storylines, many heroes, the development of action over a long period of time. The novel is fantastic (sometimes it is called phantasmagoric). But the most striking feature of the work is its "novel within a novel" structure. Two parallel worlds - the masters and the ancient times of Pilate and Yeshua, live here almost independently and intersect only in the last chapters, when Levi, a disciple and close friend of Yeshua, pays a visit to Woland. Here, two lines merge into one, and surprise the reader with their organicity and closeness. It was the structure of the "novel within the novel" that enabled Bulgakov to show two such different worlds so skillfully and fully, events today and almost two thousand years ago.

Composition features

The composition of the novel "The Master and Margarita" and its features are due to the author's non-standard methods, such as the creation of one work within the framework of another. Instead of the usual classical chain - composition - plot - climax - denouement, we see the interweaving of these stages, as well as their doubling.

The plot of the novel: the meeting of Berlioz and Woland, their conversation. This happens in the 30s of the XX century. Woland's story also takes the reader back to the thirties, but two millennia ago. And here begins the second plot - a novel about Pilate and Yeshua.

Next comes the tie. These are tricks of Voladn and his company in Moscow. From here the satirical line of the work also originates. A second novel is also developing in parallel. The culmination of the master's novel is the execution of Yeshua, the climax of the story about the master, Margaret and Woland is the visit of Levi Matthew. An interesting denouement: in it both novels are combined into one. Woland and his retinue are taking Margarita and the Master to another world to reward them with peace and quiet. Along the way, they see the eternal wanderer Pontius Pilate.

"Free! He is waiting for you!" - with this phrase, the master releases the procurator and completes his novel.

Main themes of the novel

Mikhail Bulgakov concluded the meaning of the novel "The Master and Margarita" in the interweaving of the main themes and ideas. No wonder the novel is called both fantastic, and satirical, and philosophical, and love. All these themes are developed in the novel, framing and emphasizing the main idea - the struggle between good and evil. Each theme is both tied to its characters and intertwined with other characters.

satirical theme- this is Woland's "tour". The public, maddened by material wealth, representatives of the elite, greedy for money, the tricks of Koroviev and Behemoth sharply and clearly describe the diseases of the contemporary society writer.

Love Theme embodied in the master and Margarita and gives tenderness to the novel and softens many poignant moments. Probably not in vain, the writer burned the first version of the novel, where Margarita and the master were not there yet.

Empathy Theme runs through the whole novel and shows several options for sympathy and empathy. Pilate sympathizes with the wandering philosopher Yeshua, but being confused in his duties and fearing condemnation, he "washes his hands." Margarita has a different sympathy - she sympathizes with the master, Frida at the ball, and Pilate with all her heart. But her sympathy is not just a feeling, it pushes her to certain actions, she does not fold her hands and fights for the salvation of those she worries about. Ivan Bezdomny also sympathizes with the master, imbued with his story that "every year, when the spring full moon comes ... in the evening he appears on the Patriarch's Ponds ...", so that later at night he can see bittersweet dreams about wondrous times and events.

The theme of forgiveness goes almost alongside the theme of sympathy.

Philosophical themes about the meaning and purpose of life, about good and evil, about biblical motives have been the subject of controversy and study of writers for many years. This is because the features of the novel "The Master and Margarita" are in its structure and ambiguity; with each reading they open up more and more questions and thoughts for the reader. This is the genius of the novel - it does not lose either relevance or poignancy for decades, and is still as interesting as it was for its first readers.

Ideas and main idea

The idea of ​​the novel is good and evil. And not only in the context of struggle, but also in the search for a definition. What is really evil? Most likely, this is the most complete way to describe the main idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe work. The reader, accustomed to the fact that the devil is pure evil, will be sincerely surprised by the image of Woland. He does not do evil, he contemplates, and punishes those who act low. His tours in Moscow only confirm this idea. He shows the moral illnesses of society, but does not even condemn them, but only sighs sadly: "People, like people ... The same as before." A person is weak, but it is in his power to resist his weaknesses, to fight them.

The theme of good and evil is ambiguously shown on the image of Pontius Pilate. In his heart he opposes the execution of Yeshua, but he lacks the courage to go against the crowd. The verdict on the wandering innocent philosopher is passed by the crowd, but Pilate is destined to serve the punishment forever.

The struggle between good and evil is also the opposition of the literary community to the master. It is not enough for self-confident writers to simply refuse the writer, they need to humiliate him, to prove their case. The master is very weak to fight, all his strength has gone into the romance. No wonder devastating articles for him acquire the image of a certain creature that begins to seem like a master in a dark room.

General analysis of the novel

The analysis of The Master and Margarita implies immersion in the worlds recreated by the writer. Here you can see biblical motifs and parallels with Goethe's immortal Faust. The themes of the novel develop each separately, and at the same time coexist, collectively creating a web of events and questions. Several worlds, each of which has found its place in the novel, are portrayed by the author surprisingly organically. It is not at all surprising to travel from modern Moscow to ancient Yershalaim, Woland's wise conversations, a huge talking cat and Margarita Nikolaevna's flight.

This novel is truly immortal thanks to the talent of the writer and the undying relevance of the topics and problems.

Artwork test

What does the book "Master and Margarita" teach us how to paraphrase so that the essence does not change?

Issue resolved and closed.

If we compare it with Vladimir Bortko's multi-part film (2005), I can say with confidence that, as such, I did not notice any inconsistencies with the novel itself, although I read and watched at the same time, which pleasantly surprised me. So, if you don't feel like reading, you can safely watch the series.

100% worth it! A great movie!

but he conveyed the image

Yes Yes...
well, they are certainly different ... so that Bulgakov doesn’t broadcast there ... through the mouths of his cardboard demons ...
Closer? yes you are laughing madam... :>
"This portrait was the complete opposite of herself, so it was not difficult for her to sketch it."

I have read this novel many times and always discover something new for myself! There are many mysteries and hidden text in the novel, which is interesting! And this book leaves few people indifferent, either love it or hate it.

I read it three times. As a child, it seemed that the main character was Woland, and it was especially interesting to read about the tricks of his retinue. At the age of 17, Yeshua was seen as the main character - then I was very interested in religion. And a couple of years ago I read it, paying the most attention to the Master and Margarita, since it was these fragments that were especially new to me, but I still don’t consider them the main characters. The main character is Moscow, or rather its inhabitants.

Without it, it is quite possible, but without Woland they have already lied ...

Both after and during.
I love bad guys.
Woland, on the other hand, is the embodiment of Truth and carries truth and light (no matter how strange it may sound), few have been able to understand this. He was evil (according to the plot) only for ordinary citizens, who have not changed over the centuries, but have become even more greedy, greedy, arrogant, superficial and stupid. For the rest, He was the greatest magician and wizard...

Google to the rescue:)

1. Woland restored him immediately after the ball. He restored the novel from the ashes with the words: "Manuscripts do not burn." Moreover, he did this with the help of some part of the head, which did not have time to burn in the fireplace. So the devil thanked Margarita for her help.
2. Bulgakov's Yeshua is belittled. Thus, he exalts Woland. There is a moment where Yeshua asks Pilate not to beat him. Christ would not have asked for this. At the very end of the novel, Levi Matvey intercedes with Woland for the Master and Margarita and says that He asked him. It's also a fantasy thing. The real Lord would have arranged everything himself, without making any arrangements with the devil. Yeshua in the novel is not Jesus Christ (who had 12 disciples), but just a wandering philosopher (under whose auspices there is only 1 disciple).
In the Bible, Judas received 30 pieces of silver for betrayal and soon hanged himself from remorse. Bulgakovsky Judas was not going to hang himself. He, after what he had done, walked through the forest on a date with his mistress. In the same forest, he was slaughtered on the orders of Pontius Pilate.
Bulgakov's Pontius Pilate has a more significant role than the biblical one. Biblical, even passing the verdict, felt guilty (although he "washed" his hands). Pontius from the novel impartially judged Yeshua, and he realized his act only after he was doomed to eternal torment.
3. The master is subject to fate. And in general ... he is some kind of deadhead, this master. He is slandered, deprived of housing, and he is patiently silent. Then he gets to the lunatic asylum, waiting for his death all alone. All the variety show workers - the same thing - sat down on their priests to their bread places and cut coupons, not even suspecting what paranormal adventures await them. And then all, as one, ask to put them under arrest. It is not even possible to fight 1 on 1 with Woland's gang. Although, I agree, in their case it is unrealistic.
Margaret is the opposite. She lived in luxury and comfort, and then she went berserk with fat, she wanted thrills. For the sake of her beloved, she was not even afraid to make a deal with Satan, she went through all the torments of hell. And for what? - In order to save this spineless wimp, the Master, who did nothing for her at all. He just sat there for days on end whining that his novel had been criticized by Latunsky.
Ivan Bezdomny also did not submit to Voladn's antics. And, even when he got to the clinic of Dr. Stravinsky, he continued to defend his position.
5. Neither. They worship her like a queen who honors them with her look or smile. The sinners who are already burning in hell do not know what virtue is. But one of the sinners, Frida, sees her savior in the face of Margarita and hopes for her mercy.

“Of all the writers of the 20s and 30s. XX century, probably, Mikhail Bulgakov is preserved to the greatest extent in the Russian public consciousness. He is preserved not so much by his biography, from which his letters to Stalin and the only telephone conversation with the tyrant are usually remembered, but by his brilliant works, the main of which is The Master and Margarita. For each next generation of readers, the novel opens up with new facets. Let us recall, for example, “sturgeon of the second freshness”, and the sad thought will come to mind that forever in Russia everything is second freshness, everything except literature. Bulgakov brilliantly proved this, ”this is how, in a few words, Boris Sokolov, a well-known researcher of Bulgakov’s work, managed to show what contribution the writer made to Russian and world literature. Outstanding creative minds recognize the novel "The Master and Margarita" as one of the greatest creations of the twentieth century. Not everyone is able to comprehend The Master and Margarita in the ideological and philosophical key that the author suggests. Of course, in order to penetrate, to understand all the details of the novel, a person must have a high cultural preparedness and historical awareness on many issues, but the phenomenon of perception of the work is that the “Master and Margarita” is also reread by the young. The fact is, probably, that young people are attracted by the fantastic nature of a work with an element of a fairy tale, and even if a teenager is not able to understand the complex truths and deep meaning of a work, he perceives what can make imagination and fantasy work. Bulgakov, anticipating his death, realized The Master and Margarita as “the last sunset novel”, as a testament, as his message to humanity (what is most surprising, he wrote this work “on the table”, for himself, not at all confident in the prospect of publishing a masterpiece ). In this work, the author reflects on such global topics as good and evil, life and death, God and the Devil, love and friendship, what is the truth, who is a Man, how does power act on him and over many others. The main idea of ​​the novel is the struggle between good and evil, the concepts of inseparable and eternal. The composition of the novel is as original as the genre, a novel within a novel. One is about the fate of the Master, the other is about Pontius Pilate. On the one hand, they are opposed to each other, on the other hand, they seem to form a single whole. This novel in the novel collects global problems and contradictions. The masters are concerned with the same problems as Pontius Pilate. At the end of the novel, you can see how Moscow connects with Yershalaim, that is, one novel is combined with another and goes into one storyline. Reading the work, we are in two dimensions at once: the 30s of the 20th century and the 30s of the 1st century AD. We see that the events took place in the same month and a few days before Easter, only with an interval of 1900 years, which proves a deep connection between the Moscow and Yershalaim chapters. The action of the novel, which is separated by almost two thousand years, harmonizes with each other, and their fight against evil, the search for truth and creativity connect them. And yet the main character of the novel is love. Love is what captivates the reader. In general, the theme of love is the most beloved for the writer. According to the author, all the happiness that has fallen in a person's life comes from their love. Love elevates a person above the world, comprehends the spiritual. It seems to me that such concepts as “God” and “Love” are closely connected in life, since God begins with Love, and Love is a divine power. In Bulgakov's work, the theme of love is revealed from a new angle. It is inseparable from suffering. The writer fully shows us that there are no barriers to selfless, faithful, holy love. Any intrigues will be overcome. Margarita, being in the grip of a strong feeling, sells her soul to the Devil in the name of saving her loved one. Her boundless, pure love is so strong that even Woland cannot resist it. True love is omnipotent and eternal. She saves and forgives. This love is ready for self-sacrifice in the name of happiness, life. She knows no boundaries, passes through all obstacles. This love carries the power of life, it leads to salvation. And “who said that there is no true, true, eternal love in the world?” So, we see that feelings dominate people, but Bulgakov not only speaks about the power of love, he also emphasizes the power of fear over a person. We understand this from the example of Pontius Pilate. The fifth procurator of Judea is afraid of losing his position, ruining his career, and that is the only reason why he goes to murder a peaceful philosopher, after which his conscience torments him and will torment him for another "twelve thousand moons." Conscience, by the way, also has tremendous power over a person: after all, not even a day has passed since the Roman governor regretted what he had done, and now, at night, “he will do anything to save a completely innocent thoughtless dreamer and doctor from execution !”
The theme of good and evil is also interestingly covered in the novel. This theme has always occupied a leading place in Russian philosophy and literature. At first, the concepts of good and evil were not considered as derivatives of the will of man. But Bulgakov refuted this idea and revealed to us in his novel one of the most important truths of mankind: the oblivion of good inevitably brings evil to life, they are inseparable like light and shadow. In the novel The Master and Margarita, the two main forces of good and evil, which, according to Bulgakov, should be in balance on Earth, are embodied in the images of Yeshua Ha-Notsri from Yershalaim, and Woland, Satan in human form. Apparently, Bulgakov, in order to show that good and evil exist outside of time and for thousands of years people live according to their laws, placed Yeshua at the beginning of a new time, in the fictional masterpiece of the Master, and Woland, as the arbiter of cruel justice, in Moscow of the 30s. The latter came to Earth to restore harmony where it had been broken in favor of evil, which included lies, stupidity, hypocrisy and, finally, betrayal that filled Moscow. Like good and evil, Yeshua and Woland are internally interconnected and, opposing, cannot do without each other. This relationship in the novel is expressed in the descriptions of both characters - the author focuses on the same things. Woland “appears to be more than forty years old,” and Yeshua is twenty-seven; “the man had a big bruise under his left eye…”, while Woland’s “right eye is black, the left one is green for some reason”; Ga-Notsri “had an abrasion with dried blood in the corner of his mouth”, and Woland had “some kind of crooked mouth”, Woland “was in an expensive gray suit ... He famously twisted his gray beret in his ear ...”, Yeshua appears before the procurator dressed “In an old and torn blue tunic. His head was covered with a white bandage with a strap around his forehead…”. And, finally, Woland openly declared that he was a polyglot, and Yeshua, although he did not say this, but in addition to the Aramaic language, he also knew Greek and Latin. But the dialectical unity, the complementarity of good and evil is most fully revealed in the words of Woland, addressed to Levi Matthew, who refused to wish health to the “spirit of evil and the lord of shadows”: “You pronounced your words as if you do not recognize shadows, and also evil. Would you be so kind as to think about the question: what would your good do if evil did not exist, and what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it? ... You are stupid. How does Woland appear? On the Patriarch's Ponds, he appears before Berlioz and Ivan Bezdomny, representatives of Soviet literature, who, sitting on a bench, again, nineteen centuries later, judge Christ and deny his divinity and his very existence. Woland tries to convince them of the existence of God and the devil. So, again, a certain connection between them opens up: the devil (that is, Woland) exists because Christ exists (in the novel - Yeshua Ha-Nozri), and to deny him means to deny his existence. This is one side of the issue. The other is that Woland is in fact "...a part of that force that always wants evil and always does good." It is quite clear that Woland is the devil, Satan, the embodiment of evil. His mission was to reveal the evil inclination in man. I must say that Woland, unlike Yeshua Ha-Nozri, considers all people not good, but evil. And in Moscow, where he arrived to do evil, he sees that there is nothing left to do - evil has already flooded the city, penetrated into all its corners. Woland could only laugh at people, at their naivety and stupidity, at their disbelief and disdain for history (Ivan Bezdomny advises sending Kant to Solovki). Woland sweeps over Bulgakov's Moscow like a thunderstorm, punishing mockery and dishonesty. Satan himself appeared in Moscow to “test” the heroes of the novel, to pay tribute to the Master and Margarita, who remained faithful to each other and love, to punish bribe-takers, covetous, traitors. Judgment on them is not carried out according to the laws of good, they will appear before the court of the underworld. According to Bulgakov, in the current situation, evil should be fought by the forces of evil in order to restore justice. Woland is the arbiter of justice in the novel. He judges the inhabitants of the city according to their deeds. And the self-confident Berlioz, and Varenukha - the informer, and the drunkard Styopa Likhodeev - all get what they deserve. Thus, Woland, personifying evil, was the messenger of good, his goal is to establish justice. In all his actions one can see either acts of justice, or the desire to prove to people the existence and connection of good and evil. Good and evil in this world are surprisingly closely intertwined, especially in human souls. When Woland, in a scene in a variety show, tests the audience for cruelty and decapitates the entertainer, and compassionate women demand to put her in her place, the great magician says: “Well ... they are people like people ... Well, frivolous ... well ... and mercy sometimes knocks into their hearts... ordinary people... - and loudly orders: "Put on your head." And then we observe how people are fighting because of the gold coins that fell on their heads. The conclusion suggests itself that “Woland, catching up on the uninitiated with gloomy horror, turns out to be a punishing sword in the hands of justice and almost a volunteer of good.” I believe that Woland punished people with evil for their evil for the sake of justice. Evil for Woland is not a goal, but a means to cope with human vices and injustice. Each person faces a choice: to follow the path of Yeshua or Woland. But the majority of people do not follow the voice of goodness and truth, but the voice of evil and lies. But if people were cleaner and kinder, they would strive not for money and power, but for goodness and mercy, then, probably, there would be no Woland punishing people for their vices and misdeeds. Thus, Bulgakov showed us that each person creates his own destiny, and it depends only on him whether it will be good or evil. After reading the novel by M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”, I was able to understand what each of us must understand and implement: if we do good, then evil will leave our souls forever, which means that the world will become better and kinder. Bulgakov in his novel was able to cover many problems that concern us all. The novel "The Master and Margarita" is about the responsibility of a person for the good and evil that happens on earth, for his own choice of life paths leading to truth and freedom or to slavery, betrayal and inhumanity. It is about all-conquering love and creativity, elevating the soul to the heights of true humanity.

Essay on literature on the topic: What do Bulgakov's books teach us (based on the novel “The Master and Margarita”)

Other writings:

1. The novel by M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” is a multi-dimensional and multi-layered work. The book consists of two novels - a novel about a master, where the action takes place in Moscow in the 1930s, and a novel written by a master, where the action takes place in ancient Yershalaim. Intermediary between these Read More ......
2. For M. Bulgakov, religion was the main source of truth. He was convinced that only through communion with God does a person acquire spiritual shelter, faith, without which it is impossible to live. Spiritual and religious quest for creative people is a sign that marks their works. The writer Read More ......
3. The novel "The Master and Margarita" Bulgakov wrote until the last days of his life. He worked on this work for a very long time, full twelve The last pages of this novel he dictated to his wife. But Bulgakov never saw his novel published during his lifetime. For the first time Read More ......
4. Someone asked: “Is it right to say that evil must be repaid with good?” The teacher said: “Then what is the reward for goodness? Evil must be repaid with justice, and good with good.” Confucius. One of the leading themes of Bulgakov's novel "Master and Read More ......
5. Plan I. The complexity of the moral and philosophical problems of the novel "The Master and Margarita" II. Philosophical and biblical motives in the novel. 1. Biblical events in the interpretation of M. Bulgakov. 2. The problems of the "gospel" chapters of the novel. 3. Dispute between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua. III. Problems of goodness and truth in the novel Read More ......
6. M. Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, on which the author worked until the last day of his life, remained in his archive and was first published in 1966-1967 in the Moscow magazine. This novel brought the author posthumous worldwide fame. This work was worthy Read More ......
7. “Of all the writers of the 20s and 30s. XX century, probably, Mikhail Bulgakov is preserved to the greatest extent in the Russian public consciousness. He is preserved not so much by his biography, from which his letters to Stalin and the only telephone conversation with the tyrant are usually remembered, but by his Read More ......
8. Bulgakov's novel, which reflected the height of the author's view, the difficulties of the time and the writer's fate, became one of the main chapters in the history of Russian culture. In the novel "The Master and Margarita" the victory of art over dust, over the horror of the inevitable end, over the brevity of the human Read More ......