The meaning of the title of the story by K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram

The story of K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram", written in 1946, struck me to the core, probably because it touches on an important problem for any person - the relationship between parents and children. The main characters of the story, Katerina Petrovna and her daughter Nastya, decide in their own way. Katerina Petrovna lived out her life "in an old house built by her father, a famous artist." Her daughter, Nastya, who lives in a distant big city, very rarely wrote to her and almost never came. Her affairs, her mother's incomprehensible interests, her happiness captivate her more than her own mother. Katerina Petrovna, out of modesty, is afraid to be reminded of herself. "Better not interfere," she decides.

She is lonely in an empty cold house, where "the bitter smell of unheated stoves lingered, it is becoming more and more difficult for her to get up in the morning", to feel the complete uselessness of both her own and her "memorial" house, which is under the protection of the regional museum.

The author also conveys the internal state of Katerina Petrovna with the help of the landscape. Autumn cold weather, grass dried up in the garden, flying willows, blackened plank roofs, long and heavy nights, like insomnia, help to understand the inner state of the heroine, her sadness, loneliness, uselessness and homelessness.

Compositionally, the story can be divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to the life of Katerina Petrovna, the second - to her daughter Nastya, in the third - the story of the telegram, but it is she who is the culminating center of the whole work.

Speaking about Katerina Petrovna, the author recalls her long life, during which she managed to do not so little. She was brought up in an artistic family, was quite educated, intelligent, familiar with many interesting people, "lived with her father in Paris and saw the funeral of Victor Hugo." Older, hunched over, seeing poorly, Katerina Petrovna remembers her youth well. She keeps things dear to her heart: wrinkled gloves, ostrich feathers, some papers in a red leather pouch. Abandoned by her own daughter, she gives it all to Manyusha, the girl who helps her with the housework. Only this girl and the watchman with the postman sometimes visit Katerina Petrovna. They all treat her with respect, help in any way they can. But, no matter how hard they try, they cannot brighten up her loneliness. She looks forward to letters from her daughter, rereads with trepidation a few dry words on a postal order. Katerina Petrovna cannot stand it, she writes a letter that touches the soul of every reader: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands.

The author interrupts the unhurried narration on behalf of lonely old age with a story about Nastya's fussy life filled with work and other worries. Busy with organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, Timofeev, Nastya does not immediately read a letter from her mother, reassuring herself with the words: "Since the mother writes, it means she is alive." And when he remembers “overcrowded trains, changing to a narrow-gauge railway, a shaking cart, a dried-up garden, the inevitable motherly tears, the viscous, unresolved boredom of rural days,” he calmly puts the letter in a desk drawer. Thinking about strangers, Nastya forgets about the only native person. When she is praised for organizing the exhibition, “for caring for a person,” Nastya is embarrassed to tears, but she is ashamed to say that she has a telegram in her pocket: “Katya is dying. Tikhon. Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? Because I don't have anyone in my life. No, and it will not be dearer. If only to be in time, if only she would see me, if only she would forgive me. She is late everywhere: at the railway station, for the last meeting with her mother, and even for the funeral. After weeping in her mother's empty house all night, in the morning, stealthily, trying so that no one sees her and does not ask about anything, she leaves, but pain and shame will forever remain in her heart.

The telegram changed Nastya's life, made her think about the responsibility of a person for his actions, that even in the bustle of worries, you must not forget that people close and dear to you are waiting for you, loved by you. That is why K.G. Paustovsky chose this name.

History of creation

The story "Telegram" was written by Paustovsky in 1946, soon after great Soviet and foreign fame came to him. The origins of the story can be found in the works of 1937 - the cycle of stories "Summer Days", the story "Meshcherskaya Side". Here there is a mention of the fate of the daughter of a famous artist, which is subsequently transformed into an independent story "Telegram". The story was not studied in the Soviet school until the end of the 90s, since larger works of the socialist realism genre had priority.

Story analysis

Description of the story

The plot of the story can be summarized in several sentences. The action takes place in the cold autumn, October-November. A lonely woman of advanced age lives in a remote remote village, in a "memorial" house built by her father, an outstanding artist. It's not even about physical help - the woman is completely alien to the villagers, with whom she has no points of contact. Surprisingly, she has a daughter who sometimes sends money to her mother and writes her short letters about how busy she is. There comes a time when the elderly mother realizes that she will not survive the impending winter, and she writes a draft letter to her daughter. Nastya leaves in more than two weeks, and then - after an already alarming telegram about the approaching death of her mother. The daughter does not have time either for the bed of the dying, or for the funeral, and when she arrives, she experiences the most terrible remorse in the world.

Compositionally, the story is divided into three parts: in the first, an acquaintance with Katerina Petrovna takes place, the unusualness of her existence is mentioned, it is noted that this is an unusual person. The second part tells about the daughter Nastya, about her important work and character. The third part is connected with the story of the telegram, or rather, about two telegrams. The first one informed Nastya that her mother was seriously ill. The second, out of deepest sympathy, is written by Tikhon, the watchman in the house of Katerina Petrovna. A man from the people, an ignorant but pure man, he still remembers Katerina Petrovna's father and respects both of them as smart, intelligent people. Tikhon's ignorance does not prevent him from having a kind, sympathetic heart and indestructible moral principles in him. Tikhon composes a telegram for the dying Katerina Petrovna, allegedly from her daughter, in which she writes on her behalf that she will arrive soon. However, she allows such an absurd construction of the phrase in the telegram that Katerina Petrovna immediately understands that it was not Nastya who wrote it. Katerina Petrovna guesses everything and thanks Tikhon for his kindness and kind words. This second telegram is a symbol of a pure impulse, a holy lie for salvation, and its voicing by Tikhon is the climax of the story.

Main characters

The origin of Katerina Petrovna is probably noble, because the author mentions that she was brought up in a family related to art. Katerina Petrovna received a good education, she was familiar with many people from the world of art, it is even mentioned that, while in Paris, she saw the funeral of Victor Hugo. But this information, talk about art, will not be of interest to anyone in a godforsaken village, just like antique things from a woman's wardrobe - ostrich feathers, wrinkled gloves, beaded clothes. People in the village live indifferent - a neighbor girl, a postman and a watchman Tikhon, goes to an elderly woman, but they simply cannot brighten up her loneliness, people are too different. Katerina Petrovna is waiting for letters from her daughter, but she does not write herself, so as not to bother the girl. He can’t stand it only once, sending touching lines to the girl, as he anticipates an imminent death.

(Frame from the movie "Telegram" 1957)

The life of the second heroine, Nastya, on the contrary, is full of energy and worries. And if the reader had not found out in the previous part of the story what was happening to her mother, he would have considered Nastya a sensitive, cordial and sympathetic person. After all, her soul responds so impetuously to art, to someone else's misfortune (for example, the harsh existence of the sculptor Timofeev). To someone else's, but not to her mother's - after all, Nastya does not even read a letter from her mother right away, but goes to her in general in 2 weeks.

Repentance comes too late. Nastya does not have time to go anywhere, even to the funeral. All night the girl cries in the empty mother's house, and in the morning she leaves secretly from the village, as if stealthily - she is ashamed.

"Telegram" - a work written by Paustovsky. On Wikipedia, you can learn more about the author and his work.

Paustovsky refers to the topic of “fathers and children”, which, of course, will not leave the reader indifferent. The problem is urgent, acute, characteristic of everyone who has or had a family. The summary of Paustovsky's "Telegram" will allow you to feel the feelings that the author put into it, having drawn the main idea.

Also, meet the characters. and understand the reasons behind their actions. To complete the picture, if necessary, it is better, of course, to familiarize yourself with the text in its entirety. It occupies only twelve typewritten pages.

Analysis of the work “Telegram”

Structure

A story before us or a story? "Telegram" of Paustovsky - a short story. It can be conditionally divided into five parts, each of which carries a certain semantic load in the plot:

1. About mother
2. About daughter
3. disturbing news
4. tragic denouement
5. Outcome.

The first part is the presentation of the mother, Katerina Petrovna. It is told that an old woman lives alone in a remote village and has a daughter. The second part is an acquaintance with Nastya, a description of her work. In the third, the climax occurs - the birth and sending of the telegram itself by the mother about her illness.

In the same place, the peasant Tikhon, who is not indifferent to everything, sends an answer supposedly from his daughter for Katerina Petrovna. But she understands and thanks him for the spiritual impulse, without receiving, however, a true letter from Nastya. In the fourth, the daughter arrives, but does not find her mother alive.

And in the fifth, she rethinks her act, summing up.

What is the plot about: a short summary

Read the summary and find out what: Katerina Petrovna is living her life in a village remote from the city. Her house was built by her grandfather, a talented artist. The woman is uncommunicative and has practically no contacts with her fellow villagers, but she has a daughter who does important work and sends money to her mother.

At some point, Katerina Petrovna realizes that she is mortally ill and wants to see her daughter in the end, which she asks for in a telegram . However, Nastya does not accept the letter seriously and leaves two weeks later, when he learns that the death of his mother is not far off.

The girl is late for the funeral and feels bitterness, belated remorse for her slowness.

Heroes of the story

All heroes can be divided into groups:

• main actors: mother Katerina, daughter Nastya
• secondary actors. In the village: an elderly watchman Tikhon, a neighbor girl Manyushka. Nastya: sculptor Timofeev.
• Third-rate characters are the villagers at the funeral. Postman, teacher, etc.
• inactive: father of Katerina Petrovna, artist. Here you can also highlight the sculpture of Gogol - she speaks in the mind of Nastya with the voice of conscience. Thus, through it, the reader gets acquainted with the author's position of the work.

The main characters in the "Telegram"

Katerina Petrovna, most likely, comes from a noble family. Paustovsky hints that she was brought up in an intelligent family, versed in art. In her youth, the woman was in the company of creative people, and in Paris she found the funeral of Victor Hugo. Katerina Petrovna is educated and spiritually developed.

But in the village no one needs her She has no one to talk to. A woman has a chic wardrobe of a noblewoman, an unprecedented luxury there. Nevertheless, there are not indifferent acquaintances who visit the old woman.

Among them is the watchman Tikhon, and the girl, and the postman. Katerina Petrovna expects the participation of only one person - her daughter. She sends her mean replies, referring to employment.

The mother is afraid to disturb her once again with her telegrams, only once she could not stand it and sent her first. When is dying.

Nastya is inexperienced and only learns the world around her. It has a lot of ambition and illusions. The girl seems sincere and reverent, but she pays little attention to her mother. Responds to a call for help not the first time, and even then to someone else's letter.

The role of Tikhon

Tikhon is a hard worker, illiterate, but sincere and responsive in soul to other people's troubles. He is a watchman in the house of a dying woman. Memories of Katerina Petrovna's father are still alive in his heart, Tikhon also respects her as an educated and polite lady.

He is imbued with her misfortune and composes a response letter, ostensibly from his daughter. Despite, that the deception was understood by a woman, the old woman thanked Tikhon for participating. And his act itself can be considered a disinterested impulse of the soul, bright and kind.

His telegram is a symbol of the story.

Instead of a conclusion

Nastya repents, but it's too late. She leaves the village in tears, she is ashamed. Paustovsky does not give a specific assessment of the girl's behavior. But through the sculpture of Gogol, as it were, he conveys the call of conscience and reason. Nastya feels on herself how wrong she was, how recklessly she acted, postponing the last meeting with her mother.

As a result, the reader understands that the daughter, no matter how callous it may seem, nevertheless woke up and admitted her guilt, even if this mistake now becomes a heavy cross for her. Still, the story carries a bright thought and makes it possible to learn from the mistakes of others. To love and cherish your parents while they are alive, and not think only about selfish desires.

Read Paustovsky's short work and draw your own conclusions.

Literature lesson for grade 8 “It is impossible to go back” (ideological and figurative analysis of the story by K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”)

"It is impossible to go back" (ideological and figurative analysis of the story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram")

Afonina Natalya Gennadievna, MBOU secondary school No. 3, teacher of Russian language and literature, Birsk, Bashkortostan

Subject (orientation): literature

Children's age: 8th grade

Location: Class.

Goals

Training:

• understanding of the key problems of the studied work;
• the ability to analyze a literary work: to understand and formulate the theme, idea, moral pathos of a literary work, characterize its heroes, compare heroes;
• definition in the work of elements of the plot, composition, figurative and expressive means of the language, understanding of their role in revealing the ideological and artistic content of the work (elements of philological analysis);
• formulating one's own attitude to the problems and heroes of the work;

Metasubject:

Communicative UUD

• Ability to comprehend reading and adequate reading comprehension;
• the ability to retell prose works or their passages using the figurative means of the Russian language and quotations from the text;
• Ability to answer questions on the listened or read text;
• The ability to create oral monologues of various types;
• be able to conduct a dialogue;

Cognitive UUD

• ability to understand the problem
• select arguments to support your own position,
• identify cause and effect relationships in oral statements,
• formulate conclusions;
• ability to work with different sources of information, find it and analyze it;
• ability to build diagrams;
• Regulatory UUD
• the ability to independently organize their own activities, evaluate it, determine the scope of their interests;
• the ability to independently determine the goals of their work;
• Educational:
• improvement of the spiritual and moral qualities of the individual: fostering a sense of respect, attentive attitude towards others;
• education of an attentive and valuable attitude to the artistic word.

Lesson type: analysis of the work (V. Golubkov), lesson in the study of a work of art (Kudryashov)

Lesson Form: lesson-conversation

Equipment: multimedia projector, scheme, textbook, presentation

The mother's heart is in the children, and the child's is in the stone.

folk proverb

I. Organizational beginning.

Good afternoon guys. Outside, snow is spinning and slowly falling. Let's be snowflakes. Light beautiful gentle snowflakes-girls inaudibly fall on their chairs, and behind them big strong snowflakes-boys quickly and quietly sit down next to them. Well done! Everyone is ready. Let's start our conversation.

II. Motivation (emotional)

An autumn day descends in a slow succession,

Slowly spinning yellow leaf

And the day is transparently fresh, and the air is wonderfully clean -

The soul will not escape invisible decay.

So every day she gets older

And every year, like a yellow leaf spinning,

Everything seems, and I remember, and I imagine,

That the autumn of past years was not so sad.

Once, in the same autumn, K.G. Paustovsky came to work in a village near Ryazan. It was October. The writer wandered around the neighborhood with pleasure, noticing the slightest signs of autumn and reflecting on his future works.

Here is what he wrote later in the book “Golden Rose”: “The feeling of autumn was important, the system of feelings and thoughts that it evoked. And everything that is called material - people, events, individual particulars and details - this, as I knew from experience, is securely hidden for the time being somewhere inside this feeling of autumn.

And as soon as I return to this feeling in some story, then all this will immediately appear in my memory and go on paper.

The feelings of those autumn days poured out on paper in the sad, touching story "Telegram". And I called our lesson "It is impossible to go back ...". What we're going to talk? (about the need to do everything on time)

III. Updating and fixing (the stage of comprehensive knowledge testing)

- So, tell me, please, when are the telegrams sent? (When something urgent needs to be reported. When trouble struck. When a person has joy.)

- And how many telegrams were sent in the story?

Where, to whom and by whom were they sent?

1 - daughter Nastya in Leningrad: Katya is dying. Tikhon.

2 - mother Katerina Petrovna in Zaborye: Wait, she left. I remain always your loving daughter Nastya.

IV. Statement of the problem (the stage of preparation for active and conscious assimilation of the material)

- Both telegrams were sent by Tikhon, but one - on behalf of Nastya.

- I.e. from mother to daughter and from daughter to mother. Based on this, determine the theme of the story. (The relationship between parents and children).

How important is this question in modern life?

- Do you often wonder what is the most important thing in the relationship between parents and children? Have you ever regretted something you didn't get to do or say?

- Paustovsky also reflects on this in his story. What will be the purpose of our lesson? (using the example of the story "Telegram" to understand what the relationship between parents and children should be based on)

- You're right. I think it is important for all of us to understand this. As the lesson continues, we will fill in a diagram that will help us understand the essence of the relationship between parents and children and draw conclusions at the end of the lesson.

V. Search for ways to solve the problem posed (the stage of acquiring new knowledge)

- Who are the characters in the story? Who is the writer talking about at the beginning of the story?

– Tell us about the inhabitant of the old house. What touched, touched you in the fate of this woman?

- By what artistic means does Paustovsky draw the tragedy of the position of Katerina Petrovna? (Description of the landscape, interior.)

Reading a picture of an autumn landscape. (The music of P.I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons. October” sounds)

What are the key words of the landscape that paint a picture of a cold autumn (cold, rainy, blackened, clouds, rain)

What mood does the landscape evoke? (sad)

How does this mood help to understand the condition of Katerina Petrovna?

What bright detail does not fit into the overall tone? (sunflower)

Why sunflower?

Teacher's word:

In Chinese symbolism, it means longevity.

Sunflower- m. sunflower south. plant dory (Dal)

Worship, reckless passion, expressed in slavish following the Sun. The constantly changing position symbolizes insecurity and false wealth. (Ozhegov)

- Which of these meanings helps to understand the image of Katerina Petrovna?

- Continue the phrase: “As the little sunflower blossomed, so did ....”.

Conclusion: At the beginning of the story, the landscape sets the tone. The landscape is sad when a person is sad

- Read the second paragraph. What are the colors of the interior (yellowed, gloomy, gray, dull.)

- What subject helped Katerina Petrovna survive the long nights? (kerosene night light)

– Tell us about your associations with this subject? (fire, warmth, life, awe, excitement, beacon, loneliness)

- How did you see Katerina Petrovna? Prove textually. Find the words that characterize Katerina Petrovna (weak, blind, hunched over, small, whispering, crying softly, walking slowly, groping)

– What “bitter grief” is tormenting this little quiet woman? Prove textually. (I thought about her all the days, sorted through plump pieces of paper, money smelled of Nastya's perfume)

- What words would you use to describe the state of mind of Katerina Petrovna? (Hope, disappointment, awareness of loneliness, heartache)

- How did the writer convey the fading hope of the old woman that her daughter would come? What landscape sketch says this? (garden and maple)

- Find key words that convey the fading of hope (forgotten stars, maple that has flown around, chilled, it has nowhere to go from this homeless, windy night)

- What did Katerina Petrovna understand after this walk? (days are numbered, daughter will not come)

What desperate act does the heroine decide to take? (writes a letter)

Reading a letter by a teacher(music, slide 4)

What touched you in this letter? (She spoke very simply about death and she thinks about the garden)

Conclusion: What did a mother need to live her last days happy? (attention, participation)

How much did she want? Who could make her happy?

- Please tell us about your daughter.

- Why, when talking about his daughter, Paustovsky does not give a description of nature? (She is an unkind, callous person. Such people do not notice nature)

- Re-read the portrait of Nastya.

– Why did the artists call her Solveig? Do you agree with this? (Slide 5)

Teacher's word: SOLVEIG (Norwegian Solveig) is the heroine of the dramatic poem by Henryk (Henrik) Johann Ibsen "Peer Gynt". Solveig in translation means "solar way". Solveig could evoke a bright holiday in someone's soul with a glance, she was distinguished by kindness, responsiveness, fidelity.

- Could Nastya arrange a holiday?

- But what detail of Nastya's appearance does the author emphasize? (Cold eyes) (Nastya arranges a holiday, but her eyes are cold. But they are a mirror of the soul. This means that her soul is cold. The comparison with Solveig turned out to be erroneous).

- Let's dwell on the moment when Nastya received a letter from her mother. What did she do to him? (She put it in her purse unopened, thinking that since the letter had arrived, her mother was alive.)

- And when did you receive the telegram? Find a verb that describes her state. (frowned)

- Why? (Bad news. This disrupted her plans.)

- Why didn't Nastya reveal the truth to the old artist? (She was ashamed to admit that at this time, when she enjoys praise, her mother is dying.)

- Do you think that such a relationship between mother and daughter is normal?

- Why does Nastya, helping an unknown artist, forget about her mother? Is she soulless? Callous? (such is life when you have to lie to yourself and others, when, caring for many, you don’t notice how bad it is for the person closest to you, and justify the blindness of the soul with a lie - such a life is abnormal, it is false, restless).

Lexico-semantic work

- In psychology, there is such a concept as KATARSIS (from the Greek katarsis - purification) - an emotional shock, a state of internal purification caused by tragedy, suffering. Nastya goes through the same purification through suffering.

- How did it start? ("Gogol's gaze in the workshop of the sculptor Timofeev, reproachful and honest, bored into her.")

Why Gogol? (Gogol is a satirist who, according to Pushkin, possessed an amazing ability to immediately guess a person.)

- What did the satirist's look say? (“And the letter is in the purse, unopened,” Gogol’s piercing eyes seemed to say. “Oh, you, forty!”)

– What is behind this “oh you!”? (Contempt, reproach.)

- Has Nastya's soul become hardened to the end? (Nastya's soul has not completely hardened. If so, she would not have felt Gogol's vague reproaches and piercing gaze.)

Reading an excerpt from page 318 from the words “Watery snow fell ...” to “... if only you would forgive”

- Did Nastya manage to ask for forgiveness from her mother? (No. The mother died and was buried by strangers, fellow villagers. The daughter did not have time to see her mother for the last time.)

Epilogue reading by the teacher

Do you think this part is important? Prove your point.

- Why did Nastya cry? (tears of pain and repentance, the coldness of the soul is melted)

- Pay attention to the epigraph to the lesson. Has the stone, about which the Russian proverb speaks, disappeared from Nastya's heart?

teacher's word: Nastya in Greek means “resurrected”. It is probably not for nothing that Paustovsky gave this name to his heroine. “Repay good for good, don’t be a kestrel,” says Tikhon to Manyushka.

- Who is this kestrel? ( Kestrel- 1) a bird that lives in desert places 2) “an empty person”)

What does an empty person mean? (unkind, inattentive, callous)

- Are these words addressed only to Manyushka?

- Can Nastya fix something? What does Nastya feel? (Cold room, heaviness in the soul, a feeling of irreparable guilt)

What does she need now? (in forgiveness, care)

Who could help and forgive her if she had time? (Mother)

“Is there any doubt that her mother would have forgiven her?” (Working with an epigraph.)

VI. Stage of withdrawal (exit from the problem)

- Make a conclusion. Will the people we really need always be there for us? What should we remember? What does Paustovsky warn us about when telling the story of Nastya and her mother?

Conclusion: It turns out that someone who has been and, it seems, will always be, can not be in time and not tell him about something very important, you can lose a lot in the hustle and bustle of life, in allegedly important and paramount affairs.

The poet N. Novikov has the following verses:

You can never return anything, As you can’t erase spots in the sun, And, having set off on the return journey, You still won’t come back. This truth is very simple, And it’s immutable, like death, You can go back to the same places, But go back

Impossible…

- So why is the story called "Telegram"?

- To whom is it addressed?

– What is it about?

VI. Reflection (slide 6)

Let's go back to the diagram. What should be the relationship between parents and children? (on love, care, respect, responsibility)

- Formulate the writer's warning in telegram language. Address it to yourself.

I realized that...

I will try…

I thought about...

I wanted…

- Why is our lesson called "It is impossible to go back ..."?

VII. Homework and its commenting (slide 7)

Composition-miniature "It is impossible to go back"

K.G. Paustovsky. "Telegram" The main characters of the work

Org. Moment

The song in the Kazakh language "Ana turaly" soundsen»

1. Installation for the lesson

Today's lessonthis is a lesson

2. Motivation of activity.

Today we will talk about the ordinary and eternal - about love for a mother. This feeling is inherent in us by nature itself, but we do not always realize how important it is to prevent everyday worries from pushing love for the person closest to us into the background.

Let us turn to the epigraph written on the board:

The selfless and selfless love of a mother - what is there in the world higher and nobler than this feeling? It obliges us, the children of men, to live according to the strictest and highest code of conscience. .

We are all indebted to our mothers.

Chingiz Aitmatov.

- So, guys, let's write out the key words from the epigraph, justify our choice.

Love

have what? / feeling / whose /maternal /

which?

high, noble

which?

selfless, selfless

what is he doing?

obliges

whom?

How?

live according to conscience

Conclusion: We are all indebted to our mothers.

The word mother is special, it accompanies us all our lives. Everything can change. Nothing can be known for sure. But no, even the most incredible, changes can force us to "reconsider" the role in our destiny of the person who gave us life. Mother is out of line, her place in our life is special, exceptional.

K.G. Paustovsky speaks about this in his story "Telegram"

Task for groups:

Write the text of the telegram.

Conclusion:

1) What is a telegram? / notification /

2) How does it differ from a letter? / brevity of content /

3) On what occasion are telegrams sent?

a) Congratulations on your wedding or anniversary, happy birthday

b) Invitations

4) How many telegrams were in the text?

Where, to whom and by whom were they sent?

Today's lessonthis is a lessonkindness, understanding, sympathy, compassion.

II . Checking homework

Group work.

(paraphrasing of excerpts from the text)Ekaterina Petrovna lived out her life in. . . home.

2.

She gasped, stopped at. . . tree, took hold of the cold wet branch.

Katerina Petrovna carefully sorted through the plump papers.

Conclusion: Behind the simple, outwardly impassive manner of narration lies the author's deep compassion for a woman who lives alone.

Listening to the song "Write letters to mothers"

Tell me what unites this song with the story of K. Paustovsky, Telegram.

- The relationship between parents and children.

Main thought:

Remember your parents, write, visit - this is a duty to the one who gave you life.

Exercise:

Write a mini-composition "My mother"

Switching to a new topic:

Come visit your parents

So that the conscience does not torment after.

Do not carry money or fame -

Always be kind to them

Mother father. . . Their limit is not far

Tomorrow there may not be meetings

So that the conscience does not torment after,

Come visit your parents.

-Guys, to which of the heroes of the story would you turn these words?

- Nastya.

topic of our lesson:

The main characters of the story by K. Paustovsky "Telegram"

Lesson vocabulary

• Sympathy is a responsive attitude to the experiences, misfortune of others.
• Conscience is a sense of moral responsibility for one's behavior.
• Morality is the inner, spiritual qualities that guide a person.
• Mercy is compassionate love, heartfelt participation in the lives of the weak and needy.

1. Why do you think the story is called Telegram?

- It was this telegram that turned Nastya's whole life upside down.

2. With what feeling did you read this prod.?

- With a feeling of excitement, anxiety, sadness.

The very title of the story set it up.

- There are telegrams that bring joy, but some. telegrams - grief.

3. Reading a telegram.

“Katya is dying. Tikhon."

4. Work on the text.

- Where does the story begin?

- From the description of nature.

-Read the passage that describes

dark picture of nature.

5. Prove that nature conveys to us someone's mood, state of mind?

Group assignments: Show the tragedy of the situation (loneliness and worries) of Katerina Petrovna through

1.Landscape

Make a conclusion.

2. The interior of her room

There is a feeling of what?

How did you see Katerina Petrovna?

3. Words "one", "only"

What compares to what?

Why does K. Paustovsky need

back to the word "one" in

the sentence “... one rolled down -

single tear?

Conclusion: 1. the landscape is sad when it is sad

Human.

2.feeling of loneliness,

abandonment, abandonment.

6. Compilation of syncwine.

1. What words would you define

state of mind of Katerina Petrovna?

Hope, disappointment, sadness, pain, loneliness.

What did you learn about Katerina Petrovna.?

Kind, sick, literate, weak, lonely.

What Nastya for Katerina Petrovna?

The only, beloved, beloved, dear, incomprehensible.

7. Nastya is the daughter of Katerina Petrovna.

- How did Katerina Petrovna live?

- hope that Nastya will come.

Reading the text of the letter.

- Why does a person die of loneliness in society?

What happens to people's souls?

Cold settled in the souls.

- When does K. Paustovsky use the word "cold"?

To whom is this word used most often?

Task for groups:

- What did you learn about Nastya?

What is she?

Used to characterize Nastya

Contrast

Question: Is Nastya disinterested? (careerist)

- He does everything to advance, to become famous

- Is it possible to unequivocally say that Nastya is a bad, cruel, callous person?

– No , she is not a callous person - she helps in Leningrad. . .

-Do you think how Nastya will live in the future?

- What biblical commandment did Nastya violate?

Honor mother, father.

– Are there really good people in the story?

What is their role?

8. Task by groups:

Filling "Double Bubble"

There are secondary characters in the story - these are Manyusha, Tikhon.

- Does Paustovsky forgive Nastya?

Teacher.

Read about the behavior of a young teacher during the funeral.

The young teacher kissed the yellow hands of K.P., as if asking for forgiveness for the entire young generation, which is cut off from its parents, who have their own life, their own affairs, their own happiness.

Conclusion: Paustovsky forgave Nastya. Because in the text there is a sentence "It seemed to her ..."

It seemed to suggest...

9. Feedback.

Task: Compose the text of the telegram, where you could convey to Nastya the state of her mother.

The main feature of the telegram: conciseness, figurativeness.

10. – So, what is the skill of the writer?

(In that he helped us think

about how terrible it is to lose your mother;

about loneliness, kindness and mercy;

about humanity, about the attitude towards mother;

about my relatives;

about what price Nastya paid for her selfishness;

why Nastya did not understand that her mother did not need money ;

you can't be as inhuman as Nastya ;

need to take care of mom ;

I don't know much, but I will never act like Nastya ;

old people need our support ;

I love my mom very much and I'm afraid of losing her ;

Don't make mistakes that can't be corrected

11. Homework:

,Do not forget about the closest,

Be human! Paustovsky said

Pay good for good.

Write a letter to your mom

Composition based on the story of Paustovsky "Telegram"

The story "Telegram" by Paustovsky is a work that touched me to the core. We met this story today at a literature lesson and every word crept into my heart and made me think about the relationship between children and parents.

In my essay on the topic: “Telegram” by Paustovsky, I want to note the instructive and moral notes of this work. It seems to me that everyone who has read this work at least once remained indifferent to the issues covered, which the author raised in the story.

Paustovsky Telegram summary

If you get acquainted with the work of Paustovsky "Telegram" and its summary, then you can convey the meaning of the work in a few sentences. So, we are talking about the old woman Katerina Petrovna, who is living out her life in the forgotten Fence. Every day she expects everything, everything waits for the door of the house to open and her daughter to appear on the threshold.

However, the daughter lives in Leningrad, works as a secretary. All in business and worries. She takes care of others, such as a sculptor whom she helped organize an exhibition, but completely forgot about her mother.

From time to time he remembers her, sends money, thinks about her, but does not go to visit even when he received a letter with his mother's request to come.

Only the last telegram received from neighbor Tikhon, which speaks of the last days of her mother, became a shake-up for the girl. She realized that at any moment she could lose a loved one who loves her more than anyone in the world. Nastya hurries to her mother, but it's too late. The old woman did not wait for her daughter.

But if the girl had arrived a couple of days earlier, she could have found her living mother, she could have talked, asked for forgiveness for not visiting for so long. Or maybe the old woman would still be alive if she saw her daughter more often and longing did not eat her from the inside.

In the work “Telegram” by Paustovsky, the main characters are the lonely old woman Katerina Petrovna and her daughter Nastya. Katerina Petrovna is lonely in her old age, but she does not condemn her daughter, she understands that she has her own life, and she has nothing to do in the Zaborye. At the same time, a woman always waits, waits and believes.

Nastya is a business girl, all at work. To say that she is callous would not be correct.

The girl helps the sculptor to break into people, she thinks about her mother, helps her with money, but all the time she doesn’t find time to do business just to come and visit. And when she did, the inevitable happened.

Her mother is dying, the girl herself did not even have time for the funeral. But all the way, she mentally said, "If only to be in time, if only she would see me, if only she would forgive."

To be honest, now I am writing the essay “Telegram” according to Paustovsky, and I am still impressed by what I read.

I really do not want it to be so in reality, so that children forget about their parents, although the reality is different. But I know one thing, I will never forget my parents and will always visit them.

And after I finish the essay, I’ll go to them right now, hug them and tell them how much I love them.

• telegram story essay
• an opinion of the reasoning on the topic of what influence the work of the telegram had on me

Paustovsky Telegram - summary: what the story is about and who are its main characters

A year after the end of the Great Patriotic War, Konstantin Paustovsky wrote the story "Telegram". By this time, the writer had gained fame not only at home, but also abroad. To some extent, the beginning of this work was given by stories from the cycle "Summer Days" and "Meshcherskaya Side". We offer a brief retelling and a small analysis of the story "Telegram".

Briefly is. In October, it is rainy and cold outside, because the main character named Katerina Petrovna is getting harder every day. Further, the author makes an excursion into her past and mentions that her father was an artist and built a house in a place called Zaborye.

A creative atmosphere reigned in the family, everyone talked about creativity, discussed works of art. Now Katerina is left alone: ​​her father has died, and her only daughter lives far away in the city. She has no one to talk about her work with.

The neighbor's girl Manyushka became an assistant for Katerina Petrovna in the household. Also, the watchman Tikhon sometimes visited the main character. He was quite old, this is evidenced by the fact that Tikhon remembered how the house was built, and Katerina's father.

The main character thought about her daughter every day. She in the depths of her soul wished that Nastya would come. But… dreams remained dreams. And the daughter of her mother has not been writing letters at all lately either ... Only money transfers came from her.

Once (it was at the end of October) Katerina Petrovna heard a knock at the garden gate, went to look, hoping that it was her daughter. It turned out that the main character heard a knock. Katerina Petrovna returned to the house and began to write a letter to her daughter.

She wrote that she wanted to see her, that she wanted to hug, press her to her heart. The letter ended with the thought that the coming winter would be the last in this world for Katerina Petrovna.

Next, we are talking about Nastya herself. Paustovsky says that the girl is busy, she works in the Union of Artists as a clerk. Colleagues call the girl Solveig for her blond hair and big eyes, which, unfortunately, were almost always cold.

When Nastya received news from home, she had ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, she believed that if the mother writes, then everything is fine. On the other hand, the letters served as a silent reproach to the inattentive daughter. Having received another letter from her mother, the girl did not read it, because she was very busy at work. She just put it in her bag.

While organizing the exhibition, she came across a statue of Nikolai Gogol. The expression on his face seemed mocking and, at the same time, reproachful. Then Nastya decided to read the letter. When the daughter learned from the letter about the request to come, she remembered what a long way she had to overcome, and how her mother would cry. So she put the letter away for the time being.

Two weeks passed. The exhibition went off with a bang. At this time, a telegram was handed over to my daughter, where it was reported that only a few days remained for her mother. The telegram was from Tikhon. Nastya at first thought that they had made a mistake with the address.

But a shadow of unease crossed her face. Someone asked her what happened. She tried not to focus on this fact. Again, the sculpture of Gogol caught the eye of the girl.

But this time the classic looked accusingly.

The girl suddenly realized that it was her mother who was the closest and most loving person for her. Then she decided to go to her father's house. As luck would have it, there were no tickets at the railway ticket office, but after presenting the telegram, we still managed to buy a ticket for the next train.

At this time, things were very bad in Zaborye. It became increasingly difficult for Katerina Petrovna to breathe, and therefore to live. The neighbor's girl sat inseparably near the dying woman. Tikhon, in order to alleviate the suffering of the main character, himself writes a telegram on behalf of her daughter, as if she was going to her dying mother.

When he read the contents of the telegram to Katerina Petrovna, she said quietly: "Thank you." And then she closed her eyes and fell asleep, but as it turned out, she died.

The funeral was tomorrow. Many people gathered in the house to see the old woman on her last journey. On the way to the cemetery, the teacher joined the ceremony. She even kissed Katerina Petrovna's hand, because she was guilty before her own mother.

Two days have passed. Nastya comes to her native, but, alas, an empty house. She cries all night long, but tears do not bring her mother back.

The girl left her home so that no one could see her. But no one was going to blame her for anything. Nastya did not leave the feeling that no one except her mother would relieve her of a heavy sense of guilt. Further, the author makes an excursion into the past of the main character and mentions that her father was an artist. That he built a house in a place called Zaborye.

The theme of moral duty in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram"

Municipal budgetary educational institution

the city of Irkutsk

secondary school №39

The theme of moral duty in the story

K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram"

Teacher of Russian language

and literature:

Orlova Olga Nikolaevna

The theme of moral duty in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram".

Lesson Objectives:

• to acquaint students with the history of the creation of the story and its composition, to follow the author's position, to define the concept of "moral duty";
• develop the thinking and speech of students;
• to cultivate respect for parents, love for a small homeland.

During the classes

"Repay good for good, don't be a kestrel."

K.G. Paustovsky

Write in the notebook the date and topic of the lesson.

Moral- related to the norms of human behavior in society; pertaining to the inner, spiritual life of man.

Nick- a mark with a chopping tool on any object (on a tree, etc.).

Kestrel- a bird of prey from the falcon family; a frivolous, empty person (colloquial disapproval).

Epigraph- a short quotation that precedes a work or part of it and characterizes their main idea.

Implementation of homework.

• What do you understand by the expression "notches in the heart"?
• How did Paustovsky build his work so that they would remain in our hearts? (They read the chapter "The Notch" from the "Golden Rose" and compared the writer's memoirs and the literary text.)

A work of art, as Paustovsky himself said, "transparent, sparkling with all the colors of the spectrum and strong as steel, a crystal." The creator of this crystal is the author. As a writer, Paustovsky is original and original.

The story "Telegram" (1946) provides a wonderful opportunity to follow the capacity of the writer's word, to focus on the author's "I", which reveals itself in all the variety of relationships between the main components of the text: in the composition, in the selection and internal linking of episodes, in comparing the characters' speech patterns, the specifics details, interior and other artistic means. Comprehension of the author's position is not an easy task, especially if the author's voice, as in the "Telegram", is almost inaudible. Our task in the lesson is to penetrate, in the words of V. G. Belinsky, "into the secret of the personality" of the writer, to understand the originality of his talent - what is commonly called creative individuality.

The message of a specially trained student about the history of the creation of the story.

Story analysis.

Deepening the perception of the work.

• What is your impression of the “Telegram” by K. G. Paustovsky?
• What is this story about?

(The theme of the story is the relationship between parents and children. It also talks about mercy, about the responsibility of a person for his actions, about the moral duty of children).

Independent work of students in groups. Determine how the story is built, and highlight the main parts, title each and select epigraphs.

Analysis of the landscape, interior.

• Why does the author begin the story with a landscape sketch?
• What thoughts conveys through this landscape?
• Why exactly “sunflower”, and not “sunflower”, as they say in the village?
• How does this bleak picture correspond to Katerina Petrovna's inner state? (Philosophical subtext of the landscape.)
• Does the author express direct sympathy for the heroine?
• What interior details indicate that life has stopped in the old house?

Behind a simple, outwardly impassive manner of narration lies the author's deep compassion for a woman living out her life alone.

Image of Katerina Petrovna.

• What feelings does Katerina Petrovna evoke in you?
• What is her past?
• What does Paustovsky emphasize in the appearance of the heroine?
• Did Nastya have serious reasons not to come to her mother? Why and how is Katerina Petrovna trying to justify her daughter?
• How do others relate to Katerina Petrovna?
• Katerina Petrovna wrote a letter to Nastya. Why did she do it? (Expressive reading of the letter by the teacher by heart.)

The writer invites us to think about what is left in the undercurrent of the story.

The woman could be reminded of the approach of the end by the “circled, chilled” maple tree, which she planted as a “laughing girl”, she could be frightened by her own weakness: after all, Katerina Petrovna barely made her way to the gate and returned back with great difficulty. Yes, and in the knock itself, which seemed to the old woman, there is something mystical: did Katerina Petrovna take it as news of imminent death?

The image of Nastya.

• What does the author emphasize in the appearance of Nastya?

(blond hair and big cold eyes.)

Nastya's attitude towards artists.

• Why did Nastya shudder when she saw Gogol's sculpture?
• What internal connection is there between the episode in the studio and the story of Katerina Petrovna's life?
• Why does Nastya help the sculptor so selflessly? Is she unselfish in your opinion? And how is this combined with cold indifference to the mother?

• Do you think Nastya is soulless? (When organizing an exhibition, she went to the chairman of the Union of Artists; sympathizes with Timofeev; “got excited, argued”, “fell into despair”)
• Did she think of her mother? ("She thought of the overcrowded trains, the transfer to the narrow gauge railway, the jolting cart, the stalled garden, the inevitable motherly tears, the viscous, unresolved boredom of rural days").

Paustovsky warns us against unconsciousness and dislike, us who forget about the main thing in the hustle and bustle of everyday life.

• How does Nastya receive a telegram?
• Why didn't you tell the old artist the truth?
• Why "Nastya crumpled up the telegram and frowned"?

Reading and analysis of the episode "Nastya under a gloomy sky".

This is the inner monologue of the heroine - the culmination of the central part of the story. Nastya is experiencing a spiritual crisis. Her bitter tears are tears of cleansing.

But with the enlightenment of the soul came a firm understanding of “It’s too late! I won't see my mother again."

A new meaning for Nastya was filled with a letter from her mother, and a touching appeal “my beloved!”, And a childishly sweet “mother”, uttered for the first time in recent years.

• Did Nastya manage to visit her living mother?

Comparison of Nastya and the "young teacher".

The emotional sensitivity of the teacher contrasts with Nastya's deafness.

Work on the epigraph for the lesson.

• As an epigraph, the words of Tikhon, spoken by Manyushka, are chosen. Why are they told to her?
• What meaning does the author put into these words? (“... don’t be a kestrel” means don’t be an empty person, learn to separate the main from the secondary.)
• What biblical commandment does Nastya violate? (Open the entry on the board: “Honor your father and your mother, that it will be good for you, and you will live long on earth” (God’s fifth commandment).)
• What facts testify that Nastya's conscience has nevertheless awakened?

Conclusions. Meaning of the title of the story.

Telegrams are sent in exceptional situations when a message needs to be sent immediately. A feeling of anxiety, an expectation of trouble, is associated with the telegram. In the story, both telegrams were sent by Tikhon, who loves, pities Katerina Petrovna, tries to support her in loneliness, old age.

Both telegrams do not fully fulfill their purpose: Katerina Petrovna guesses who wrote the telegram; Nastya does not have time to see her mother, to ask her forgiveness. Do not forget about your closest, dearest, who need you so much, otherwise it may be too late.

• How is the author's position expressed in the text of the story "Telegram"? (Written.)
• Write an essay "An act for which I condemn myself." (At the choice of students)

Paustovsky "Telegram": the main characters, how to write characteristics?

• 1. Katerina Petrovna is an old woman, the daughter of a famous artist who has already died.
  2. Manyushka is a neighbor's girl who helps Katerina Petrovna with the housework. Katerina Petrovna, in order to thank the girl, gives her various small gifts - either beads, or some of her old outfit.
  3. Tikhon is a watchman, from time to time he comes to visit Katerina Petrovna, he also remembers her father, whom he treated with respect.
  4. Nastya, the daughter of Katerina Petrovna, lives far away in Leningrad, writes to her mother extremely rarely, but sends her money orders every two or three months. Katerina Petrovna also rarely wrote to Nastya (so as not to distract her), but she thought about her all the time. Once, feeling that she could no longer survive the coming winter, Katerina Petrovna wrote a letter to Nastya asking her to come visit her mother. But the always busy Nastya (he worked in the Union of Artists) had no time. She arranged exhibitions, troubles and affairs - a lot.

  When Nastya was finally able to come, her mother had already been buried for two days. Without waiting for her only daughter, Katerina Petrovna quietly left, surrounded by Tikhon and Manyushka devoted to her.

  Nastya returned home stealthily, because:

  Paustovsky does not condemn anyone in his story, only as if asking how the closest people can suddenly become so indifferent? Why not at all educated, strangers Tikhon and Manyushka suddenly became the only support in the life of an old woman, and the daughter, like those pictures on the walls of their house, turned into a distant memory, warm and dear, but inaccessible.

A very sad and instructive story by Konstantin Paustovsky The telegram tells us that no matter how busy we are, no matter how much we go to work, no matter how much we build a career, we still cannot forget our parents. After all, parents are sacred.

The main characters of the story:

Katerina Petrovna, an old woman who lived a long and interesting life, was in Paris at the funeral of Hugo and worked all her life in the memorial house of her father, a famous artist.

Her daughter lived in Leningrad and had not visited Katerina Petrovna for a long time, who dreamed of only one thing - before her death, to see her daughter again, because she felt that she would not survive the last winter. Katerina Petrovna is a delicate person who tried to please everyone, give something, and not interfere with the young.

But feeling that death was close, she pleaded in a letter, asking her daughter to come. The daughter did not come, and dying Katerina Petrovna did not believe that her daughter was going to her.

Nastya, daughter of Katerina Petrovna. A young girl who is very passionate about her work in the Union of Artists and who very rarely remembers her own mother. She received the letter, but presented all the inconveniences associated with the trip and decided not to go. After all, she had so much work to do.

Nastya was not that hard of heart, she simply did not understand that her mother was alone, and that she might never see her again. When Nastya received a telegram, Katya was dying, she deeply repented of her frivolity and rushed to her mother, only it was too late.

Composition

In the story "Telegram" K. Paustovsky raises the theme of human indifference and loneliness. The plot is based on a simple story about how an elderly mother, forgotten by her daughter, busy with her work in the city, dies alone.

Compositionally, the story is divided into three parts: the first tells about the life of Katerina Petrovna in the village of Zaborye. The second is dedicated to his daughter Nastya. In the third part there is a tragic denouement of this story. The story is filled with symbols, details that help to understand how the author evaluates the characters.

Landscape is very important in the story. It creates a sad mood, a feeling of some imminent loss. The October storm is described. Sadness flows from the very beginning of the work: “October was extremely cold, rainy. Tiled roofs blackened. The tangled grass in the garden died, and everything bloomed, and only a small sunflower near the fence could not bloom and crumble in any way. The following is about Katerina Petrovna. The author likes this lonely old woman. Her loneliness is brightened up by the girl Manyushka, who helps around the house, and the watchman Tikhon. She lives in the past.

It seems that time has stood still in the house. It even looks like an abandoned museum. This is emphasized by such details as the dusty Vestnik Evropy, yellowed dishes, paintings on the walls, and the stagnant smell of unheated stoves. Katerina Petrovna gave Manyushka wrinkled gloves, ostrich feathers, and a glass-beaded black hat—things that would not find use today. All that is left of her life is her daughter Nastya. Every day the old woman thinks about Nastya, waits for her appearance and cries. She sits so quietly, “that the mouse, deceived by the silence, ran out from behind the stove, stood on its hind legs and for a long time, moving its nose, sniffed the stagnant air.”

The author emphasizes the severity of loneliness, animating an inanimate object: “The kerosene night light was ... it seemed to be the only living creature in the abandoned house.” The writer introduces a description of the autumn dawn, which traditionally symbolizes rebirth. But here it means something completely different: “Dawn lingered more and more, it was late and reluctantly oozed into the unwashed windows, where between the frames since last year once yellow, autumn, and now decayed and black leaves lay on top of the cotton wool.” So the life of Katerina Petrovna gradually fades away, her autumn ends. The feeling of loneliness and old age is also symbolically conveyed through the image of a maple, which Katerina Petrovna once planted as a laughing girl. Now he stood "circled, chilled, he had nowhere to go from this homeless, windy night."

The image of Katerina Petrovna is opposed by the image of Nastya. We meet her in the second part of the story. She lives in Leningrad and works as a secretary in the Union of Artists. Nastya rarely thinks about her mother, she does not even find a minute to write her a letter. For Nastya, Katerina Petrovna is the only dear person. But work makes you forget about it.

Nastya cannot, it would seem, be called callous, soulless. This confirms the episode with the sculptor Timofeev. She makes sure that he can organize an exhibition. Nastya comes to Timofeev's workshop. It's cold there, the kerosene smokes. But the difficulties that Timofeev is experiencing seem completely frivolous, especially in comparison with the grief of the lonely Katerina Petrovna. Against this background, Timofeev's complaint sounds inexpressive: “It is not clear how I have not yet died in this lair. And in Pershin's workshop, heat blows from the heaters, like from the Sahara. That is, Timofeev's experiences are not as dramatic as those of a lonely old woman.

True values ​​begin to open up when applause in honor of Nastya, who pulled the sculptor out of oblivion, is thundering in the hall during the discussion of the exhibition of Timofeev’s works, while Nastya is reading a telegram that her mother is dying because of the spiritual callousness of the “sensitive” Nastya.

The author does not directly condemn Nastya. Here again symbols come to the fore. Here Nastya looks at the Gogol sculpture: “Nastya shuddered. A sharp-nosed, round-shouldered man looked at her mockingly, knowing her through and through. - Oh, you, forty! And here is the last “meeting” after receiving the telegram: “Gogol looked at her, smiling. A thin sclerotic vein seemed to beat heavily on his temple. It seemed to Nastya that Gogol quietly said through clenched teeth: "Oh, you!"

Finally, in the third part, Nastya is severely punished for neglecting her mother. Arriving in Zaborye, she does not find her mother alive, she does not receive forgiveness for her dryness. But now the soul of the unfortunate Katerina Petrovna has finally calmed down. This emphasizes the calm, almost winter landscape: “It got cold. A thin snow fell. The day turned white, and the sky was dry, bright, but gray, as if a washed, frozen picture was stretched overhead.

“There is no justification for spiritual callousness,” says Paustovsky in his story.

The classic of Russian literature K. G. Paustovsky is famous not only in his homeland, but throughout the world as a wonderful master of the word. His prose is striking in its brilliance and accuracy of words. Each work of the writer shows love and attention to the beauty of nature, to people who feel and understand the music of the surrounding world.

Avoiding everyday impressions and words, Paustovsky notices something touching and unusual in the surrounding landscape. And in the same way, the writer, without touching on the biography of the heroes, turns to the life of feelings, depicts the dialectic of their soul, selecting those little things that will help the reader see a person, feel and capture the source of his experiences.

The art of seeing the world

A tireless romantic, subtly feeling the world around him, Paustovsky, with enthusiasm and poetry, paints picturesque pictures of nature - exciting, luxurious, full of majesty and splendor. A person who hears the music of rain, the whisper of the surf, feels the gentle splashes of water and the breath of flowering earth, also sensitively hears the slightest vibrations of the human soul.

The love with which Paustovsky treated the world around him and the people around him permeated his works. The warmth and beauty of the writer's language, the depth and figurativeness of the narrative from the writer's heart went to the reader's heart and touched those strings of the soul, the existence of which the reader had no idea before meeting Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky.

The story of one photo

A real story that happened in 1964 is connected with the Telegram by Konstantin Paustovsky. A popular singer and actress came to Moscow on tour. She wrote that at the Moscow airport she immediately asked the journalists who met her about Paustovsky. When Marlene drove up to the hotel, she already knew that the writer was in the hospital. G. Arbuzova, stepdaughter of Konstantin Georgievich, said in an interview that Paustovsky wanted to attend a concert by Marlene Dietrich, but at that time he was very ill. And so, accompanied by his doctor V. A. Konevsky, the writer went to where she performed.

After the concert, the film legend answered questions. And when Marlene was asked what her favorite writer was, she replied that she loved Paustovsky. The translator Nora approached her and said that the writer was in the hall. Marlene stood and peered into the audience, expecting him to come up onto the stage. But, being a very shy person, Konstantin Georgievich did not get up. And when the audience began to applaud, encouraging him, Paustovsky went on stage. Marlene, without saying a word, knelt before the writer and pressed his hand to her tear-filled face.

The evening dress of the actress, embroidered with stones, was so narrow that the threads began to burst, and the stones rained down on the stage. Everyone froze for a moment. The inaccessible goddess kneels and kisses the hands of a Soviet writer. Then the huge hall slowly and uncertainly rose, timid lone claps were heard in the silence, and then a real storm began - a flurry of applause. When Marlene was helped to rise from her knees, she quietly said that Paustovsky's story "Telegram" shocked her. And since then, she considered it her duty to kiss the hand of the writer who wrote it.

Characters of the story "Telegram"

Konstantin Georgievich recalled that he created many things in the region, including the story "Telegram". Paustovsky did not indicate the date of writing, but the story was first published in the eighth issue of the Ogonyok magazine in 1946. The plot of the story is simple: without waiting for the arrival of her daughter, the old woman dies. The daughter, who received a telegram about her mother's illness, gets to a distant Ryazan village only the next day after the funeral.

The characters in this story are two groups: the inhabitants of the village of Zaborya and Nastya's entourage. Katerina Petrovna, the daughter of a famous artist, lives after his death in the village of Zaborye in a house built by him. The first group also includes her fellow villagers: the neighbor's daughter Manyushka, the postman Vasily, the watchman Tikhon and the old people who buried Katerina Petrovna.

The second group of people is concentrated around Nastya, the daughter of Katerina Petrovna, who left for Leningrad many years ago. This group of heroes of Paustovsky's "Telegram" can include the sculptor Timofeev, whose exhibition Nastya is engaged in, and his more successful colleague Pershin, and the old master, alarmed by the telegram that Nastya received.

Speaking about the work of Paustovsky, one must bear in mind that his works carry a special semantic load. Also, the characters, whom the writer seemed to mention in passing, actually play an important role - they reveal the moral problems that worried the author. A brief summary of Paustovsky's story "Telegram" and the analysis presented below will help to partially understand them. In parallel, we will consider both the details that emphasize the topic and the problems raised by the author.

Katerina Petrovna

There were bluish cloudy days in October, this year it was unusually rainy. Katerina Petrovna found it increasingly difficult to get up in the morning. She lived out her days in the old memorial house built by her father. After his death, the house was protected by the regional museum. Pictures hung on the walls, in which nothing could be made out: perhaps they had faded from time to time, or perhaps Katerina Petrovna's eyes had become hard to see.

The story "Telegram" by Paustovsky begins with a description of gloomy autumn weather, and a small detail stands out against its background - a sunflower near the fence. The autumn landscape seems to convey the state of Katerina Petrovna, and the sunflower emphasizes lonely old age.

The last occupant of the house looked at Vestnik Evropy gathering dust on the shelves and thought that there was no one in Zaborye to talk to about pictures, about Paris. Not to talk about this with Manyusha, the neighbor's daughter. Every day she ran to bring water, then sweep the floors. Katerina Petrovna gave the girl ostrich feathers, old gloves and a hat, to which Manyusha replied that she would sell them for scrap.

Another important detail that K. G. Paustovsky pays attention to in the “Telegram” is the memorabilia that the old woman gave. She didn’t give away as unnecessary, but gave things dear to her, which became a part of Katerina Petrovna’s life, things that, as it turned out, no one but her needed.

And in the cruel loneliness

Sometimes an old watchman came in, who still remembered Katerina Petrovna's father. He cleaned dead trees in the garden, sawed and chopped firewood. And he always asked if Nastya wrote. Without waiting for an answer, he left, and Katerina Petrovna began to cry. And only the kerosene night light seemed to be the only living thing in the old house.

This small detail emphasizes the loneliness of the heroine of the Telegram. Paustovsky strengthens the problem, showing the immensity of her loneliness, with the words "without weak fire." The old woman was so lonely that even the light of a night lamp helped her, otherwise Katerina Petrovna did not know how to live until morning.

Mother did not receive letters from Nastya, but the postman Vasily brought money transfers from her daughter, which informed that Nastya was very busy, there was no time even for a letter. One night someone knocked on a gate that had been boarded up for several years. The old woman went out to see who was knocking, but there was no one there.

And Paustovsky again emphasizes the theme of loneliness in the Telegram - a gate that has not been opened for several years.

Katerina Petrovna stopped on her way back near a maple tree, which she planted as a young girl. He stood yellowed and chilled, and there was nowhere to go from the shelterless windy night. She took pity on him and went home.

On the same night, she wrote a letter to her beloved daughter and asked her to come at least for a day. She said that she was very ill and would like to see her before her death. Manyusha took the letter to the post office and pushed it into the box for a long time, as if looking inside. But there is only a tin void.

It seems that what is unusual about the fact that the mail tin box is empty? But K. G. Paustovsky in the “Telegram” puts a meaning into every detail: emptiness is the soullessness of his daughter.

Daughter Nastya

Another heroine of Paustovsky's story "Telegram" is Nastya. She left Zaborye many years ago. She lived in Leningrad and worked in the Union of Artists. I was engaged in the organization of competitions and exhibitions, which took a lot of time. Even here is a letter from the mother and then there is no time to read. "Writes, so she's alive," Nastya thought. She hid the letter in her purse without reading it and went to the workshop of the sculptor Timofeev.

An analysis of Paustovsky's "Telegram" shows that the author raises serious moral problems: the disunity of close people, their distance and unwillingness to show feelings. For three years, Nastya did not see her mother, who never bothered with reproaches and complaints. And, having received news from the dearest and closest person, she hid the letter without reading it. With these words, the writer emphasized the indifference and callousness of the heroine.

A dank autumn wind also got into the studio of Timofeev, who talked about how warm it was in the studio of his colleague Pershin. Timofeev complained of cold and rheumatism. Nastya promised to help him and asked the artist to show her Gogol. Timofeev went up to the sculpture of the great writer and pulled off the fabric from it. Nastya shuddered. A round-shouldered man looked at her mockingly, and she saw a sclerotic vein beating on his temple.

Why did Paustovsky choose Gogol's sculpture? As you know, the great satirist had an amazing ability to guess a person. What did Paustovsky mean by this? Analysis of the "Telegram" shows that in the story the author also raises the topic of the impact of art on a person. It seemed to Nastya that Gogol was looking at her mockingly, as if he had discerned her ostentatious kindness and callous soul. Nastya immediately reproaches herself that the letter is in her purse unopened.

Telegram

For two weeks Nastya worked on organizing the exhibition. On the opening day, well-known artists and sculptors came to discuss and praise Timofeev's work. The courier Dasha entered and handed over a telegram, the meaning of which did not reach Nastya immediately. At first, she thought that it was not for her, but the return address, where the word "Fence" was written, dispelled her doubts. Nastya frowned, crumpled the telegram, and listened to Pershin's speech, who showered thanks to her, noting that in the person of Anastasia Semyonovna, caring for a person had become a reality.

In Paustovsky's story "Telegram", Nastya's indifference and responsiveness stand side by side. Responsive to strangers, she reacted indifferently to her mother's letter. And it would seem, having received a telegram that the closest and dearest person is dying, she had to run to her mother with all her might in order to have time to see, hear and hug her at least once more. But Nastya crumpled up the telegram. In a nutshell, while care was rushing from the pulpit, the author expressed the cruelty, hypocrisy, indifference of his daughter.

The old artist, preoccupied with Nastya's thoughtful appearance, came up, touched her hand and asked if the telegram had alarmed her so much. Nastya said that the telegram was from a friend, nothing terrible happened, but all evening she felt a piercing and heavy look on herself. Who could it be? Nastya raised her eyes: Gogol was looking at her, smiling.

The work “Telegram” Paustovsky continues with the words from Katerina Petrovna’s letter: “My beloved,” mother addressed Nastya. Nastya sat down on a bench and cried. She realized that no one had ever loved her like her mother. That same evening, Nastya left for Zaborye.

fence

Tikhon went to the post office, whispered something to Vasily, carefully scribbled something on a telegraph form, and trudged over to Katerina Petrovna. She did not get up for the tenth day. Manyusha did not leave her for the sixth day and calmed down only when Katerina Petrovna stirred under the covers. Tikhon came in, said that it was getting colder outside, the road would be beaten with frost, and now it would be more convenient for Nastya to get there, and in an uncertain voice he read the telegram, which he himself had brought.

Katerina Petrovna turned her back to the wall. Tikhon sat and sighed in the hallway until Manyusha called him into the old woman's room. She lay pale and small. “I didn’t wait,” Tikhon sighed and left. The next day, the old people and the guys buried Katerina Petrovna.

Here the heroine appears in Paustovsky's Telegram, a young teacher, to whom he devoted only a few lines. In them, a complete stranger pays tribute to the woman-mother.

The young teacher had the same old gray-haired mother left in the county town. The teacher sighed and slowly walked behind the coffin, asking people if the deceased was lonely? To which she was told that Katerina Petrovna had a daughter in Leningrad. But, apparently, she flew so high that she could not get out to her mother's funeral. The teacher went up to the coffin, kissed Katerina Petrovna's hand, and listened for a long time to the old people talking behind her back.

Nastya arrived in the village after the funeral and found only a grave mound. She examined her mother's room, from which life seemed to have left a long time ago and, stealthily so that no one would see her, left the Fence. And no one, except Katerina Petrovna, could remove the unbearable burden from her soul.

Between the lines

In the story of Konstantin Paustovsky "Telegram" between the lines you can read a lot about the family living in the old house. Katerina Petrovna lives among the paintings of her father and his friends. Kramskoy himself was his friend, the sketch for his painting occupies a place of honor in the house. The magazine Vestnik Evropy was read by both Katerina Petrovna and her father. It published the works of Russian writers Solovyov, Ostrovsky, Turgenev, Goncharov. The inhabitants of the house grew up on this classical literature.

Katerina Petrovna was with her father in Paris in the summer of 1885, it was then that Victor Hugo died, at whose funeral she was. She was buried next to her father. None of those present remembered that she was the daughter of a famous artist. Is it because the villagers, who provided Katerina Petrovna with all possible assistance, did not understand the significance and value of the paintings hanging on the walls of her house?

Thus, fleetingly, Paustovsky showed the huge spiritual abyss between the intelligentsia and the peasantry of Russia. Obviously, the artist's contribution to Russian art was great, since the house was a memorial. Why did Paustovsky write this word in quotation marks in the Telegram? Indifference and responsiveness stand side by side here too. On the one hand - the indifference of the state, under whose protection the house was, and hence the paintings, faded and forgotten. On the other hand, the responsiveness of a simple watchman. Out of pity, Tikhon helped Katerina Petrovna with the housework. And he was the only one who remembered the artist and probably did not realize the true value of the paintings, but looked at them with reverence and sighed: “The work is natural!”

Notches on the heart

In "Golden Rose" the author wrote the story of the creation of the story "Telegram". Paustovsky did not specify the date of writing, but told a touching story, on the basis of which he created his masterpiece. The chapter "Notches on the Heart" introduces the prototypes of this story. At one time, Paustovsky lived near Ryazan, in the estate of the once famous engraver Pozhalostin. The only daughter of the mistress of the house forgot about her mother, and sent only translations from Leningrad.

In the evenings the writer went to have tea with Katerina Ivanovna. The hostess of the estate saw badly, and two or three times a day, the neighbor's girl Nyurka ran to her. Katerina Ivanovna once lived in Paris, knew Turgenev and attended Hugo's funeral. She gave Paustovsky a bunch of yellow letters left over from her father to read.

Paustovsky writes that he sent the telegram to Nastya, announcing the death of her mother. Nyurka gave the writer an envelope in which Katerina Ivanovna wrote what to bury her in. Paustovsky saw the hostess of the estate already tidied up - she was lying in a golden ball gown with a train, in black suede shoes. Nastya arrived three days after the funeral.

In his autobiography, Paustovsky told that two brothers died in the war. The writer left only a half-blind sister. Was it her helpless appearance that formed the basis of the characterization of the main character of the story? It seems that not only the image of Pozhalostin's daughter was reflected in the heroine of the novel. But also other images of close people, dear to the author's heart, whom he portrayed with such love, longing and sincere regret.

Until it's not too late

What is the genre of Paustovsky's Telegram? on several pages of which the author raises important issues: loneliness, maternal love, the problem of fathers and children. Compositionally, the story is divided into three parts, one of which tells about the mother, the second about the daughter, and in the third there is a tragic denouement.

A half-blind old woman lives among her memories. Only they stayed with her, even her own daughter Katerina Petrovna is not needed.

Nastya, a young woman, is busy with her career - she enthusiastically helps young artists, organizes exhibitions. She has no time to deal with her mother's problems. Did you write a letter? So, she's alive. Why go anywhere? Lose precious time? To look at the paintings infested with flies? Listen to stories heard more than once? Boring. Will succeed. After.

The work of Paustovsky "Telegram" in the genre of the story reminds that everything needs to be done on time. Take care of loved ones and relatives, speak words of love to them, spend more time with them. Do we always know the price of our peace and happiness paid for by the mother's self-forgetfulness? An old word that has practically gone out of everyday speech, characterizes true maternal love in the best possible way. Self-forgetfulness - forget yourself for the sake of the child.

Do we always remember our mother? For the hustle and bustle of life, the lack of time, the pursuit of a career, you can be late. As it happened with the heroine of the story Nastya. As the analysis of Paustovsky's Telegram showed, Katerina Petrovna's daughter was not a completely soulless person. She cared about her colleagues, but for the only person, the closest and dearest, who did not demand anything from her, did not express dissatisfaction, but simply wanted a little warmth and attention, she did not find time.

Story title

Why is Paustovsky's story "Telegram" so named? Reviews of readers, deeply touched by this story, agree on one thing - this is a telegram to us, readers, informing us that life is fleeting, and we must protect and appreciate our loved ones.

There are two telegrams in the story. The real one was sent by the watchman Nastya to Leningrad. Another telegram was invented by the same Tikhon. He invented it in order to plant hope in the heart of a dying mother. Katerina Petrovna guessed, but thanked the watchman for his kindness and kindness.

But it is a mistake to assume that the title is a reflection of two telegrams. The word master Paustovsky weighed every word. And, in the light of the construction of a socialist state, calling to think first about the Motherland, and then about the family, the writer with his "Telegram" reminds - do not forget your loved ones.