The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom: Characteristics of the Heroes. The character of Peter from the story of Peter and Fevronia of Murom The story of Peter Fevronia characterization of Peter

Regional state special (correctional) educational institution for students,

students with developmental disabilities

special (correctional)

general education boarding school of type v

Zernograd, Rostov region

Open literature lesson in grade 7

The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom. The fate and character of the heroes

Prepared and hosted:

Skidelo O.S., Russian teacher

language and literature, II quarter. category

Technological support of the lesson:

1. information technology, ICT;
2. personality-oriented technologies;
3. technology of education of spiritual culture;
4. technology of pedagogical cooperation;
5. technology for the development of critical thinking through reading and writing (RKMTChP).

Teaching methods:

1. creative reading method;
2. illustrative method;
3. heuristic method;
4. search method;
5. method of analysis and synthesis.

Goals:

1. Educational:

1. introduce students to the world of the old Russian story about "Peter and Fevronia of Murom";
2. to show the genre originality of the Tale…” as one of the means of creating images of Peter and Fevronia;
3. reveal the images of Saints Peter and Fevronia;
4. to help students understand the views, morality, morality of past centuries;
5. to show the enduring value of love as a great force that elevates a person.

2. Developing:

1. to form the skill of reading into the subtext of the work, the ability to quote;

 to develop the analytical abilities of students, logical thinking, oral and written speech;

 improve the skills of characterization of heroes.

3. Educational:

 to cultivate moral qualities: kindness, devotion, fidelity in friendship and love, the ability to forgive;

 to cultivate respect for the culture of the native country and the native language;

 through music to educate the aesthetic taste of the student.

Vocabulary work:saint, morality; Metropolitan, "Great Honors - Menaion", pious, righteous, monasticism,canonization; fairy tale, story, life; reverend, blessed, humble; merciful.

Lesson equipment:

 Literature. Grade 7. Part 1. Author-compiler V.Ya. Korovin. - M., Education, 2009.

 Worksheets;

 Computer presentation for the lesson.

 Exhibition of works of ancient Russian literature and reproductions of paintings (icons).

 Audio recording of church hymns.

 Audio recording of the song "Peter and Fevronia" performed by the choir "Peresvet"..

 Fragments from the film “Peter and Fevronia. A story of love and loyalty. Episodes "The messenger in the house of Fevronia", "The death of Peter and Fevronia".

During the classes

1. Organizing time.

Hello guys, sit down! I am glad to see your good mood for our today's lesson. Good discoveries to you!

1. Psychological preparation for the perception of a work of ancient Russian literature

Many of you guys have been to church. Let's once again plunge into this holy silence and look into the faces of the saints.

Church hymns are heard. With the help of multimedia equipment, reproductions of images of ancient Russian icon painting slowly alternate - Slide 1-7

Do you think the images on the icons are images of real personalities, ordinary people who once lived or unreal, fictional ones?

(These are ordinary people, but they were unusual in relation to the people around them, they had a high sense of philanthropy).

Why did they become saints?(People ranked them as saints because they were a model of moral and spiritual values.

Who is a saint?(A saint is a person who has dedicated himself to God.)

That's right guys. A saint is a person who has dedicated himself to God, who does good and hates evil, who has earned special gifts from God for his love and faith, for example, the gift of miracles. Slide 8

III. The topic of the lesson.

In the history of Christianity there are the names of many people who became famous for their kindness, honesty, firmness in faith and courage in suffering.

Today, in the lesson, for the first time we will touch the work of Ancient Rus' - the pearl of ancient Russian literature, whose heroes are the saints - the spouses Peter and Fevronia. Slide 9

The topic of our lesson:The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom. The fate and character of the heroes. Slide 10

We have already met with this work.

The purpose of our lesson today:- to consider the genre originality of "The Tale ..."; let's try to determine what the hero of ancient Russian literature is, what his character is; we will try to make a spiritual portrait of Peter and Fevronia, which will help us understand the morality of past centuries and evaluate the ideological content of the story.

1. Epigraph work. slide 11

A connoisseur of ancient Russian literature D.S. Likhachev said:

How do you understand this statement, which is the epigraph to our lesson and what is morality?

(Moral These are the norms of behavior accepted in society. To be moral means to follow these unwritten rules: to be honest, kind, and so on. Norms of behavior, spiritual, life values ​​are the same at all times for all people. Reading ancient books in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves)

We will return to our epigraph at the end of the lesson. And now let's move on to the ancient Russian state, to a distantXVI century and find out who wrote this wonderful work "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia", what is its background? Word - Petelin V. and Yurova A. slide 12

V. The history of the creation of the story. Individual messages uch-Xia.

(in costumes of medieval Russians)

Petelin: XVI century… - the time of the formation of a single Russian state.

The unification of Rus' was followed by the unification of Russian culture. Under the leadership of Metropolitan Macarius ( slide 13) in the order of months and days, a collection of the lives of all the saints of the Orthodox Church is compiled - 12 huge volumes. It was called "Great Cheti-Minei" ( Slide 14) ( TRANSLATED FROM GREEK - MONTHLY READINGS). And Macarius instructs the priests to collect traditions from the Russian lands about the righteous people who became famous for their pious deeds.

The old city of Murom was famous for its legends. ( slide 15) 23 Orthodox saints were born, lived and reigned here. No city in the world can boast of such an achievement. ( slide 16) But the most poetic of the Murom legends was the tale of a wise maiden who became a kind and fair princess.It served as the basis for the story. Slide 17 Pskov Priest Yermolai (monastic Erasmus) literary processed local legends and created a story about Peter and Fevronia of Murom.

Yurov: Peter and Fevronia are real historical figures. Slide 18 Prince Peter ruled in Murom at the beginning of the 13th century. He married a peasant woman, Fevronia, in gratitude for the fact that she cured him of a disease that no one could cure.. They suffered a lot of malice from the side of the boyars, but they lived happilytill the end of one's days. When they grew old, they both became monks and died inon the same day and hour June 25 1228. Slide 19

"The Tale of Peter and Fevronia" became a favorite reading of medieval Russians.It was written after the canonization of Peter and Fevronia at the Moscow Church Cathedral in 1547. Slide 20 150 lists of the story have been preserved, in which this story is presented in many versions.

- Guys, in the speech of our Russians there were words Slide 21: metropolitan, "Great Honors - Menaion", pious, righteous, monasticism, canonization.

Let's remember what they mean?

Metropolitan - in the Russian Orthodox Church, a clergyman of the highest level, subordinate to the head of the church (patriarch).

"Great Cheti-Minei"- a collection of the lives of all the saints of the Orthodox Church.

Pious - a person who honors God, keeps his commandments.

righteous, righteous- a saint who did not stay in monasticism, but in the usual conditions of family and social life.

Monasticism - literally "solitary, lonely residence", monasticism; Enoch - Orthodox monk

Canonization - canonization of saints.

When was the story written?(It was written after the canonization of Peter and Fevronia at the Moscow Church Cathedral in 1547.)

Who ordered "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom" to Yermolai-Erasmus?(Metropolitan Macarius)

VI. Genre originality of the story. Features of a fairy tale, life and story in pr.

The story of Peter and Fevronia is a special work. It is known that Metropolitan Macarius still did not include the life he ordered in the collection "Great Menaions". Why? slide 22 We will find the answer to this question by considering the features of the genre of this work. Slide 23-1

What genre features are present in the work? (fairy tales, stories and lives)

What is a fairy tale?(A fairy tale is a folklore work with a fantasy setting)

What kinds of fairy tales do you know?(magical, about animals, household)

Define a story.

A story is an epic work that is smaller than a novel and more than a short story. There are several storylines here.

What is life?(A life is a story about the lives of the saints.)

What is their purpose? (The purpose of lives is to glorify the saint.)

Name the types of lives. (Types: - "martyrdom", describing the martyrdom and death of a saint;

Life-bios (describes the life of a saint from birth to death)

What structure did the lives have?

Lives had a certain structure:

1. An introduction that explains the reasons that prompted the author to start the story.
2. The main part is a story about the life of the saint, his pious parents, about how faith in God woke up, about suffering in the name of God, the death of the saint and posthumous miracles.
3. The life ended with praise to the saint.

And now let's check your d / s and listen, what features of a fairy tale, story and life did you find in the work?

List the elements of this story.

1. The beginning of the story resembles a fairy-tale beginning: “There is a city in the Russian land ... A prince named Pavel once ruled in it ...”
2. The first part is similar to a fairy tale about a hero - a snake fighter, the second - to an everyday fairy tale about a wise maiden.
3. As in all fairy tales, there is a fairy-tale hero - a snake-tempter.
4. According to the laws of a fairy tale, Good always triumphs over evil: Peter defeated the serpent.
5. There are riddles that often have to be guessed by the heroes of fairy tales. For example: "It's bad when the house is without ears, and the upper room without eyes."
6. Cunning test tasks (Peter's task to sew a shirt from a bundle of flax and Fevronia's task to make a loom from a log)
7. Magic items (for example, Agrik's sword, on which the Serpent dies)
8. Constant epithets (“crafty serpent”, “wise maiden”).) Slide 23-2

What features of the story are present in the work?

1. place names are historically accurate;
2. tells the story of the boyars, mired in civil strife;

Details of life / description of chambers, healing, beekeeping, boyar feasts /. Slide 23-3

Name the features of life in this work.

1. The author glorifies the saints, creating ideal images.

What epithets does the author give to the characters?
* Peter - blessed, faithful, holy, glorified, reverend, humble, sincere. Fevronia - holy, wise, divine, blessed, reverend.
-What do the words "blessed", "reverend" and "humble" mean?

Blissful - good, kind.

Reverend - saint of the monastics.

Humble - a quiet, meek person, calm and even-tempered; not angry, kind person.

1. The love of heroes for God, the veneration of the heroes of the Bible.
2. Miracles that heroes perform (for example, Fevronia heals the sick, bread crumbs turned into incense, dead stumps became lush trees in the morning). - Slide 23-4

- What is the genre originality of this work? What genres does the author use?(The author uses elements of several genres at once: a historical story, a fairy tale, a life.)

Name the main genre of this work. Prove it. Or maybe someone else thinks. (The main genre is life, because it tells about the life of the saints.)

Why didn’t Metropolitan Macarius include the life he ordered in the collection “Great Menaions”? slide 24 (Pr-e does not represent a canonical (traditional) life. There is no story about pious parents, about how faith in God woke up, about suffering in the name of God.)

You are right guys. Workis not canonical.The test of heroes affirms earthly love, family values, and not a monastic feat in the name of God. Literary critics define the genre of a work as follows: it ishagiographic story with elements of a folk-tale character. Slide 23-5

VII. Description of the main characters.

- Let's move on to the analysis. images.The purpose of our conversation- make a spiritual portrait of the Murom saints Peter and Fevronia(Slide 24) which will help us understand the ideological content of the "Tale ..." and better cope with our homework - the creative work associated with these beautiful images.

Open notebooks. Write down the topic of the lesson. Divide the notebook sheet into 2 equal parts. In the left column you will have to write down all the positive traits of Peter, in the right - all the positive traits of Fevronia.

Characteristics of Peter

Let us turn to the image of Peter.

You guys know that a person in the literature of this period is either a positive image or a negative one. Does this claim fit?image of Peter Prove it.

(No. It has both positive and negative features. On the one hand, he defeats a snake - a werewolf, goes to church, prays, suffers an illness, but on the other hand, he decides to deceive: he did not immediately marry Fevronia, although he gave his word. )

What prevents him from doing otherwise?

(Pride is one of the sins that keeps Peter from doing otherwise.He considers himself superior to a simple peasant girl.)

Who helps the hero to heal from this disease? (Fevronia helps Peter to defeat the evil in himself, or rather, the power of Fevronia's love.)

What qualities, according to Fevronia, are needed to be cured? Find in the text.(kindness and arrogance)

Be unarrogant what does it mean to be?(meek, humble)

From the story about Peter, she knows that he fought with a snake, which means what character trait does he have?(with courage)

What are the qualities of a real male character, according to Fevronia?(Courage, kindness, meekness, humility are the real qualities of a male character).

Does Peter have them? Let's write them down.

What other traits are revealed in the character of Peter?(Faith in God, wisdom, love for people, love and loyalty to loved ones, justice)

Name the actions of the hero that confirm these qualities. Prove it with text.

IX . Characteristics of Fevronia

So, we have traced the development of the image of Peter.

What is the mystery of Fevronia? Who is Fevronia? (Fevronia, the daughter of poison dart frogs looking for hollows with honey from wild bees, lives in the village of Laskovo.)

When do we first meet Fevronia? (When the messenger is looking for a doctor for Prince Peter)

Let's look into Fevronia's house.

Viewing the video fragment "Messenger in the house of Fevronia" -

ORT-04.16-05.20 (ulcers)

1. Analysis of the episode

What is missing compared to the text in this fragment?(Riddles)

Find and read the riddles of Fevronia in the story. First riddle, second, third.

Find in the text the answer to the first riddle, to the second, to the third.

What else proves the wisdom of the heroine?(She averts Peter's unfulfillable demands (to make a shirt, ports and a towel out of a bundle of flax) with the same unfulfillable demands, but for her part (to make a loom out of a chock). She did not anoint him with one scab.

So what trait does Fevronia have?(wisdom). Let's write down.

What, or rather, who, did you pay attention to in this episode?

(In the same episode, we drew attention to the hare. The hare is a cowardly animal, but here he is not at all afraid of humans. This means that Fevronia is able to tame animals.)

What does it say? (What the hell is that talking about?)(About kindheartedness (about her good heart, her kindness)

Fevronia's needlework is also significant in this episode. Why did the author depict her sitting at the loom? (Fevronia did not weave by chance. The homely, hardworking women and girls of Ancient Rus' could most often be seen behind a spinning wheel or a loom. It says about diligence , that she is a good hostess)

2. Fragment reordering

So why did Peter marry Fevronia?(Because I loved her).

Why did Peter fall in love with Fevronia?(He was convinced of the mind, the spiritual beauty of the girl.

She did not accept his gifts, which means that she is not selfish and not greedy. “Not in the least angry” heals him again, which means she is merciful).

That's right guys. What does the word mean mercy?

(Mercy - this is the ability to sympathize, to sympathize, to perceive someone else's misfortune as one's own, the ability to forgive.) Let's write down.

- Why did Fevronia fall in love with Peter without seeing him, because they talked
through servants?(She has the gift of foresight, and she knows that Prince Peter is her betrothed. He has the qualities of a real masculine x - courage, kindness, meekness and humility)

So what quality do both Peter and Fevronia have? (ability to love) Write it down.

- What other qualities does Fevronia have?(Faith in God, a wonderful gift, fidelity, meekness, humility)

In what situations do they appear? Support with quotes from the text.

Guys, how does the life of Peter and Fevronia end?
* Both spouses die on the same day and hour and are not separated even after death.

Let's watch a video clip.

Watching the video fragment "Death of Peter and Fevronia"

4. Working with symbol objects(Slide 25)

Thus ended the life of Peter and Fevronia. We already know a lot about our heroes. Let's try to represent their life path in the form of symbol objects. We have three items: ladder, path and circle.

What is a ladder? (This is a device invented by people in order to climb up step by step.)

What kind of life do you think can be compared to climbing stairs?(A person who overcomes difficulties, obstacles, but still gets to the top)

Just as you and I climb the stairs to get something, do something, or just be in the right place, in the same way a person walks the symbolic stairs, overcoming obstacles, obstacles, in order to reach the top - perfection.

What is a trail? (Trail (path) - a narrow trodden path).

What will be the life path of a person if it is presented in the form of a path?

The path symbolizes a relatively calm, even life of a person, in which there are minor obstacles that make a person turn one way or the other.

And here is the circle is a very important symbol. The circle has no beginning or end. It means eternity, immutability, constancy, fidelity to one's ideas, purity of thoughts.

With the help of which of these objects can you and I imagine Peter's life path? Justify your answer.(His life path can be represented as a ladder. Stage 1 - the fight against external evil in the guise of a serpent - the tempter; Stage 2 - Peter's illness and trials; Stage 3 - the fight against internal evil - over pride; Stage 4 - meekness and fidelity to the commandments of God, holiness. ) slide 26

If we compare the life path of Fevronia with the same subjects, then which subject will you choose?
(Circle. The author repeatedly emphasizes the predestination of her fate, her life path. Throughout the story, the image of the saint remains unchanged: Fevronia has moral purity, purity of thoughts, her faith in God is unshakable.) Slide 27

XI. Spiritual portrait of Peter and Fevronia. Conclusions.

- Guys, here we are with you and made a spiritual portrait of Peter and Fevronia. Slide 28-1

Read what positive and wonderful qualities Peter possesses.

And what moral qualities does Fevronia have?

Homework.This hagiographic portrait will help you complete your homework. Write a short essay (4-5 sentences) on the topic "What do the heroes of the old Russian story about Peter and Fevronia teach us." Write down the task so that you and I do not return to it.

Is it possible to classify Peter and Fevronia as saints on the basis of a hagiographic portrait? Prove it.(Peter and Fevronia are an example of moral and spiritual values.) Slide 28-2

How did Peter and Fevronia deserve the title of saints?(With their love and fidelity. They loved each other so much that they asked God to die on the same day. And even after death they ended up together in the same coffin.) Slide 29

Peter and Fevronia were a model of family life, love and fidelity. Even death did not separate them. Therefore, they became saints - the patrons of marriage. slide 30

On July 8, the Orthodox Church honors Saints Peter and Fevronia, and this day is considered the day of lovers in Orthodoxy. Slide 31 In 2008, this day was declared the day of family, love and fidelity, and chamomile became a symbol of this holiday. slide 32 Many people make a pilgrimage to Murom to thank these saints for their patronage in their family life or ask for their prayer before the Lord for the gift of family harmony and happiness.

VIII. Summary of the lesson.

Let's return to our epigraph. Slide 33

Morality is the same in all ages and for all people.

Reading about obsolete in detail, we can find a lot for ourselves.

What is the main value of the book?

(This story is a kind of hymn to faith, love and fidelity.)

What life values ​​are affirmed in it?(Love for people, courage, humility, family values, fidelity, religiosity, m kindness, benevolence, mercy).

And in modern times, these qualities are valued?

Does the epigraph match the idea of ​​our lesson?

What is the main idea of ​​the story?(Love, loyalty, kindness can overcome any evil.)

slide 34

The triumph of faith, wisdom, goodness and love - this is the main idea of ​​the story. With their lives, Peter and Fevronia showed what a person should be, what his life should be. Look again how many wonderful moral qualities that are passed down from century to century, from generation to generation, should be in a person. Let us also try to live in such a way that we become at least a little like these holy people. And the books that you see at our exhibition will be able to help with this. In them you will find not only the story of Peter and Fevronia, but also stories about the life of other saints of the Orthodox Church.

And at the end of our lesson, listen to the wonderful song of Mark Tishman, which became the hymn to Peter and Fevronia.

The song "Peter and Fevronia" sounds

Grading.

Guys, our lesson is over. I really liked the way you worked today...

1) The history of the creation of "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom".

During the time of Ivan the Terrible, Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow instructed to collect traditions from Russian cities about righteous people who became famous for their pious deeds. Subsequently, the church council proclaims them saints. Priest Yermolai was commissioned to write an essay about the saints of Murom - Prince Peter and his wife Princess Fevronia. Ermolai-Erasmus wrote "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom", which were canonized at the cathedral in 1547, that is, they were declared "new wonderworkers", saints.

2) Features of the plot of "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom".

Plot sources. The source of the plot for the Tale of Yermolai-Erasmus was a local legend about a wise peasant girl who became a princess (the village of Laskovo, five kilometers from the village of Solotchi and the former Solotchinsky Monastery, where Fevronia was from, still exists today). Folk tradition had such a strong influence on Yermolai-Erasmus that he created a work that was not connected with the canons of the hagiographical genre: we have before us a fascinating plot narrative, not much resembling a story about the feat of the saints for the glory of the church. Both in the plot, and in the content of individual episodes, and in guessing and solving riddles, folklore motives are noticeably manifested. It is indicative in this respect that the story of Yermolai-Erasmus about Peter and Fevronius, recognized by the church as saints, was not included in the Great Menaion-Chetii, which, along with other texts, contained numerous lives of Russian saints.

The main stages of the plot. Exposure. “This is a city in the Rustey of the earth, called Moore” - the story begins so simply. In this city, as they say, the narrator says, the noble prince Pavel reigned. And the rapist serpent began to fly to his wife. To outsiders, he took the form of Paul. Pavel's wife told her husband about her misfortunes, and both began to think about how to get rid of the rapist. Once, when the serpent again flew to Paul's wife, she asked the serpent "with reverence": "You know a lot, do you know your end: what will it be and from what?" Seduced by the "good seduction" of Paul's wife, the serpent replied: "My death is from Peter's shoulder, from Agrikov's sword." Paul's brother, Peter, decides to kill the serpent, but does not know where he can get Agric's sword. He finds this sword on one of his trips for solitary prayer in a country temple in the altar between the "ceramides", that is, the ceramic tiles that usually covered the burials. Having made sure that it was not Paul who was sitting in the temple of Paul's wife, but a serpent that had taken the form of Paul, Peter struck him with the Agric sword. His true appearance returns to the serpent, and he “tremblingly” dies, splashing Peter with his blood. From this blood, Peter is covered with scabs. His illness cannot be cured.

Plot action. The terrible illness of Peter serves as the plot of the second part of the story, where the wise maiden Fevronia appears, curing the prince. Fevronia is the "wise maiden" of fairy tales. The outward manifestations of her great inner strength are stingy. She is ready for the feat of self-denial, she has conquered her passions. Her love for Prince Peter is therefore invincible outwardly because she is defeated internally, by herself, is subject to the mind. At the same time, her wisdom is not only a property of her mind, but to the same extent - her feelings and will. There is no conflict between her feeling, mind and will: hence the extraordinary "silence" of her image.

Interchange. The life-giving power of Fevronia's love is so great that poles stuck in the ground blossom into trees with her blessing. She is so strong in spirit that she can decipher the thoughts of the people she meets. In the power of love, in the wisdom prompted by this love, Fevronia turns out to be higher than even her ideal husband, Prince Peter. Death itself cannot separate them. When Peter and Fevronia felt the approach of death, they began to ask God to die at the same time, and prepared for themselves a common fob. After that, they took monastic vows in various monasteries. And so, when Fevronia was embroidering “air” for the holy chalice for the temple of the Virgin, Peter sent her to say that he was dying, and asked her to die with him. But Fevronia asks to give her time to finish the veil. Peter sent a second message to her, commanding her to say: “I will not wait for you for a long time.” Finally, sending r a third time, Peter tells her: “I already want to die and do not wait for you.” Then Fevronia, who had only to finish the saint's robe, stuck a needle into the bedspread, wrapped a thread around it and sent to tell Peter that she was ready to die with him.

Epilogue. After the death of Peter and Fevronia, people put their bodies in separate coffins, but the next day their bodies ended up in a common coffin that they had prepared in advance. People for the second time tried to separate Peter and Fevronia, but again the bodies were together, and after that they no longer dared to separate.

What forces are at work at the beginning of the story? (the evil serpent is the devil)

What is Agric's sword? (Agrik is a fabulous hero. It was said that he defeated giants and monsters. He collected a myriad treasury of weapons, among which was a treasure sword.)

Why was Peter's body covered with scabs and sores? (“... Peter, firmly convinced that this was not a brother, but a crafty serpent, hit him with a sword. The serpent turned into its natural form and fell dead in convulsions, spattering Prince Peter with his blood. From that enemy blood, Peter’s body was covered with scabs and Sores opened up, and a serious illness attacked him.")

3) Artistic features of "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom".

"The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom" is a combination of two folklore stories: one about a seductive snake and the other about a wise maiden. These stories in the "Tale ..." are connected and dated to Murom, and the whole story claims to be historical authenticity.

The charm of "The Tale ..." lies in the simplicity and clarity of presentation, in the sedate slowness of the story, in the narrator's ability not to be surprised by the surprising, in the simplicity and malice of the characters, in harmony with the calmness of the narrator.

Characteristics of Fevronia. The heroine of the story is the maiden Fevronia. She is wise with folk wisdom. The first appearance in the story of the girl Fevronia is captured in a visually distinct image. She is found in a simple peasant hut by the envoy of the Murom Prince Peter, who fell ill from the poisonous blood of the snake he killed. In a poor peasant dress, Fevronia sat at a loom and was engaged in a “quiet” business - she wove a linen, and a hare jumped in front of her, as if symbolizing her fusion with nature. Her questions and answers, her quiet and wise conversation clearly show that "Rublev's thoughtfulness" is not thoughtless. Fevronia astonishes the envoy with her prophetic answers and promises to help the prince. Knowledgeable in healing potions, she heals the prince. Despite social obstacles, the prince marries a peasant girl, Fevronia. The swaggering wives of the boyars disliked Fevronia and demanded her exile.

Fevronia makes wise riddles and knows how to solve life's difficulties without fuss. She does not object to enemies and does not offend them with open teaching, but resorts to allegory, the purpose of which is to teach a harmless lesson: her opponents themselves guess their mistakes. It works miracles in passing: it makes branches stuck for a fire to bloom in one night into a large tree. Her life-giving power extends to everything around. The crumbs of bread in her palms turn into grains of fragrant incense. Mind, nobility and meekness help Fevronia overcome all the hostile actions of her strong opponents. In each conflict situation, the high human dignity of a peasant woman is contrasted with the low and selfish behavior of her noble opponents. Fevronia used the wisdom given to her not for herself, but for her husband. She led him, helped in matters, including state ones, she was a real assistant to him. Fevronia Zhe did not force the prince to do what she wanted. A wise wife is always a joy for her husband and for those around her. Fevronia, as we know, glorified and exalted with her wisdom both herself and her husband, Peter. There is a saying that family life is a ship and the captain on it is the husband, but all this huge ship is in the hands of the wife. Thus, where she turns the steering wheel, the ship will sail there, and she can turn it towards a calm and calm sea, or maybe towards the reefs. "A wise woman will build her house, but a foolish woman will destroy it with her own hands." (Parable 14.1) Fevronia died in 1228 on the same day as her husband. Both of them, according to the will, are placed in the same coffin. In 1547, their memory was established to be celebrated "everywhere in Murom" on the 25th day of June. The relics of Saint Prince Peter and Saint Princess Fevronia rest under a bushel in one shrine in the Murom Cathedral Church.

The author of The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom, the monk Yermolai-Erasmus, put into his work the key to a true understanding of Christian marriage. Already in the first part of the story, we see a picture of harmonious family relationships built on the trust of the spouses to each other:

“There is a city in the Russian land called Murom. It was once ruled by a noble prince named Pavel. The devil, from time immemorial hating the human race, made it so that the evil winged serpent began to fly to the wife of that prince for fornication. And, by his magic, in front of her he appeared as he really was, and it seemed to the people who came that it was the prince himself who was sitting with his wife. This obsession continued for a long time. The wife did not hide this and told everyone what happened to her prince, her husband.

The wife of the Murom prince had a choice: either she would hide everything that was happening, or she would confess to her husband, - the princess chose recognition. Such an act is fully consistent with the canons of Christian marriage: the wife had nothing to be ashamed of in front of her husband, since the serpent committed violence against her, that is, betrayal of her husband was not a consequence of the woman’s sin, but the machinations of the devil. Paul's wife knew that her husband would not condemn her, would not turn away from her when he learned the truth, and her confession would not bring her husband's wrath upon her. Prince Pavel, in turn, could not condemn his wife, and did not refuse her, because his destiny in marriage is to take care of his wife, and he had to save her from the snake in any way, since he was her husband.

The family of Prince Pavel passed the test of life, retaining love and honor, because their relationship was built according to the Christian canons of family relations. On the other hand, the mutual confidence of the spouses in each other helped them get rid of the snake and defeat the intrigues of the Devil.

It is worth noting that when discussing with his wife a way to get rid of the serpent, Paul does not say a single reproachful word to his wife, but at the same time he shows concern for her soul, telling her that having found out the secret of his death from the serpent, the wife will be clean before Christ after of death. The wife, not arguing with her husband, but “imprinting his words in her heart”, goes to “seduce” the snake, although she hardly wanted to do this.

But the family is not only a husband and wife, but also relatives - brothers and sisters who also support each other in life, so Prince Pavel turns to his brother Peter for help, who without hesitation decides to help Pavel.

Let us turn to another episode, which also reveals to us the "Tale of Peter and Fevronia" as an example of Christian family relationships. Peter, after the death of his brother, becomes the ruler of Murom. The boyars, dissatisfied with the fact that the prince married a commoner, are trying to separate the husband and wife in various ways, and in the end they come to Fevronia with a request to “give them who they are piglets”, that is, give them Prince Peter, in modern terms - divorce him, and in return offer her any gifts.

Fevronia, in response, asks the boyars "to give her the same" - that is, to remain the wife of Prince Peter. The boyars put before Peter a choice: either the reign, or a wife. For Peter, this is a really difficult situation, since he is responsible to the city he rules and cannot leave it, on the other hand, refusing Fevronia, he will violate the commandments of marriage - he himself will commit adultery, and will push Fevronia to this. The prince chooses not “kingdom in this life”, but the Kingdom of the Lord, and remains with his wife, leaving the city in poverty.

In this situation, neither the husband nor the wife hesitated in choosing a solution. Fevronia did not agree to exchange her husband for gifts, but she did not doubt that her husband would not exchange her for power. On the other hand, she fulfilled such a commandment of the Christian family as obedience to her husband. A woman in marriage is subordinate to a man, and her decision depended only on the decision of her husband. It was Peter who had to take responsibility for their fate.

The prince also made a decision guided by Christian canons - he must take care of his wife, go through her life path with her, therefore marriage is above power for him.

It should also be noted that both Peter and Fevronia remembered the commandment that marriage is predetermined by the Lord, and only he can destroy it, but not the decision of any of the spouses.

The next episode, which we will pay attention to, resembles a parable in its structure, it can even be “withdrawn” from the story and presented separately. When Peter and Fevronia left Murom, they sailed along the river in boats:

“There was a certain person on the ship with blessed Fevronia. His wife was on the same ship. That man, tempted by a crafty demon, looked at the saint with lust. She, having unraveled his evil thought, quickly denounced him and said: "Draw water from the river from this side of the ship." He drew. And she told him to drink. He drank. And again she said to him: "Draw water from the other side of the ship." He drew. And told him to drink again. He drank. She asked: "Is the water the same, or is one sweeter than the other?" He did answer. "The same, lady, water." Then she told him this: “And the nature of a woman is the same. Why, having left your wife, do you think about another!”

This episode is a moral for those spouses who are ready to succumb to the temptation of adultery - Fevronia tells them that the flesh of all people is the same, and physical desire should not lead to breaking the spiritual bonds of marriage. Thus, we see a direct reference to the commandments of marriage - the fidelity of the spouses to each other and the purity of the marital bed. In a few words, simply and reasonably, Fevronia explained the absurdity and uselessness of betrayal.

The story ends with a description of the death of Peter and Fevronia, but even in this episode we see the fulfillment of the commandments of marriage. After their reign, the spouses become monks, that is, both of them fulfill the covenant of love for the Lord, they are united in their decision, and together they walk the path to spiritual growth.

Indicative in this regard is the very final episode of their earthly life. Prince Peter, feeling his imminent death, calls Fevronia to him in order to end his life together. Fevronia, on the other hand, is bound by the rite of obedience, and must embroider "air" - a special cover for the temple bowl, and asks the prince to wait. The prince waits for her for two days, but on the third he says that he can no longer wait.

Fevronia-Ephrosinia was faced with a choice: to complete the work of obedience, or to fulfill the previously given word. She chooses the latter so as not to leave a debt unfulfilled. Someone else can complete her work, but only she herself can fulfill this word. The author emphasizes the priority of the word over the worldly deed, even if it is charitable.

Then the blessed Fevronia-Ephrosinia, who had already managed to embroider the faces of the saints, stuck a needle into the fabric, twisted it with a thread, like a diligent needlewoman, so that someone could continue the work she had begun, and sent to blessed Peter-David to inform about her readiness to die together.

Thus, Fevronia fulfills the covenant of a faithful Christian wife, she puts the will of her husband and her duty to him above her spiritual work, but at the same time she shows true spiritual greatness, because her husband is above her own soul for her. Spouses die on the same day, showing the unity of the family even by their very death.

But even after death, Peter and Fevronia are inseparable. They bequeathed to bury themselves in one coffin, making a thin partition, but people decide that it is impossible to bury the monks in one coffin, and separate them. However, miraculously, they end up in the same grave, and although people separate them three times, they still return to each other. This is also a parable episode - God unites the husband and wife, who remained faithful to each other and his covenants, after death, showing that they were reunited in heaven, that is, they reached the Kingdom of Heaven together.

The story ends with praise to Peter and Fevronia, which reflects the semantic nodes of the work - the trials that the blessed spouses endured together, without violating the commandments of marriage. It is this obedience to God in marriage that is rewarded from above:

“Rejoice, honest leaders, for in your reign with humility, in prayers, doing alms, you lived without ascending; for this, Christ overshadowed you with his grace, so that even after death your bodies lie inseparably in the same tomb, and in spirit you stand before the lord Christ! Rejoice, venerable and blessed ones, for even after death you invisibly heal those who come to you with faith!

We implore you, O blessed spouses, to pray also for us, who honor your memory with faith!”

Peter and Fevronia become an example of an ideal marriage for believers.

The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom shows not only the marital relations of the main characters; using the example of Paul and his wife, the author shows that not only Peter and Fevronia live in a “correct” marriage, that is, harmonious family relationships should exist not only among “blessed” people close to the Lord, such as Peter, who was chosen to defeat the serpent , or Fevronia, endowed with the gift to work miracles, but also among the laity. It is also indicative that it is the ruling spouses who keep the commandments of marriage; by their behavior they set an example for their subjects. According to Russian tradition, the state structure repeats the global order, therefore it is those in power who must be righteous, only then can they demand that their wards comply with Christian laws.

Thus, analyzing the text of the "Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom", we can find several episodes that directly relate us to the Christian commandments of family life. Such episodes are the story of Paul and his wife, which contains the idea that spouses should always be honest with each other and take care of each other's soul. The episode with the expulsion of Peter and Fevronia from Murom, in which we see that the bonds of marriage are above worldly power and wealth. The story of Fevronia explained the meaninglessness of adultery and the final chapter of the story, in which we can see an example of marital unity in death and after it. An example of harmonious relations is the relations of the ruling family, thus, the Christian commandments of marriage seem to overshadow all the families of the principality.

The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom is an excellent example of how Christian family traditions found their way into Russian literature.

Peter and Fevronia of Murom are spouses, saints, the brightest personalities of Holy Rus', who reflected its spiritual values ​​and ideals with their lives.
Life history of St. miracle workers, the faithful and reverend spouses Peter and Fevronia, existed for many centuries in the traditions of the Murom land, where they lived and where their honest relics were preserved.
Recorded the story of Peter and Fevronia in the XVI century. priest Ermolai the Sinful (in monasticism Erasmus), a talented writer, widely known in the era of Ivan the Terrible. Having preserved folklore features in his life, he created an amazingly poetic story about wisdom and love - the gifts of the Holy Spirit with a pure heart and humble in God.
Peter was the younger brother of Pavel, who reigned in the city of Murom. Once a misfortune happened in Paul's family - at the instigation of the devil, a kite began to fly to his wife. The woeful woman, yielding to demonic power, told her husband about everything. The prince ordered his wife to find out from the villain the secret of his death. It turned out that the death of the adversary "is destined from Peter's shoulder and Agrikov's sword." Upon learning of this, Peter immediately decided to kill the rapist, relying on God's help. Soon, during a prayer in the temple, it was revealed where Agrikov's sword was kept, and, having tracked down the snake, Peter struck it. But before his death, the snake splashed the victor with poisonous blood, and the prince's body was covered with scabs and ulcers.
No one could heal Peter from a serious illness. Enduring torment with humility, the prince surrendered to God in everything. And the Lord, taking care of His servant, sent him to the Ryazan land. One of the young men sent in search of a doctor accidentally went into the house, where he found a lonely girl named Fevronia, the daughter of a poison dart frog, who had the gift of clairvoyance and healing, at work. After all the questions, Fevronia punished the servant: “Bring your prince here. If he is sincere and humble in his words, he will be healthy!”
The prince, who himself could no longer walk, was brought to the house, and he sent to ask who wants to cure him. And he promised that, if he cured him, a great reward. “I want to cure him,” Fevronia answered bluntly, “but I don’t demand any reward from him. Here’s my word to him: if I don’t become his wife, then it’s not fitting for me to treat him.” Peter promised to marry, but in his heart he was cunning: the pride of the princely family prevented him from agreeing to such a marriage. Fevronia scooped up bread leaven, blew on it and ordered the prince to take a bath and grease all the scabs except one.
Since Fevronia saw the cunning and pride of Peter, she ordered him to leave one scab unoiled as evidence of sin. Soon, from this scab, the whole disease resumed, and the prince returned to Fevronia. The second time he kept his word. "And they arrived in their fiefdom, the city of Murom, and began to live piously, in no way transgressing God's commandments."
After the death of his brother, Peter became autocrat in the city. The boyars respected their prince, but the arrogant boyar wives disliked Fevronia, not wanting to have a peasant woman as their ruler, taught their husbands unkind things. The boyars tried to raise all sorts of slanders against the princess, and once they rebelled and, having lost their shame, offered Fevronia, taking whatever she wanted, to leave the city. The princess wanted nothing but her husband. The couple sailed down the river in two boats.
In the evening they moored to the shore and began to settle down for the night. Before they had time to wake up, ambassadors arrived from Murom, begging Peter to return to reign. The boyars quarreled over power, shed blood, and now they were again looking for peace and tranquility. Peter and Fevronia with humility returned to their city and ruled happily ever after, doing alms with prayer in their hearts. When old age came, they became monks with the names David and Euphrosyne and begged God to die at the same time. They bequeathed to bury themselves together in a specially prepared coffin with a thin partition in the middle.