Anti-communist mass terror. Gwangju uprising Gwangju uprising 1980
After the coup on December 12, 1979 in Seoul, General Chung Doo-hwan declared martial law in the country on May 17, 1980 in order to suppress student unrest. The next day, students from the city of Gwangju demonstrated at the gates of Cheonnam National University against the decision to close it. The university was blocked by army units, and the students moved to the city center, where they were met by armed government forces. Firearms were used, which resulted in the death of several marchers.
On May 20, in revenge, protesters burned down the office building of the MBC television and radio company, which they believe misreported the causes of the student protests. By May 21, about 300,000 people had joined the student movement to protest against the dictatorial military regime in the country. Military warehouses and police stations were captured and the rebels managed to push back the army units. Gwangju was hastily blocked by the regular army. In the city itself, a new government was formed to ensure order and negotiations with the central government.
On May 27, aviation and army units, consisting of five divisions, broke into the city center and captured it in just 90 minutes. With a city population of 740 thousand people, the number of soldiers exceeded 20 thousand. Several hundred civilians were killed.
During Chung Doo-hwan's reign, the Gwangju Incident was officially viewed as a communist uprising. However, after his departure from the presidency in 1988, the uprising came to be seen as an attempt at democracy. The state apologized for the brutal crackdown on the unrest, and a special cemetery was built for the victims of the incident.
There are various estimates of the number of victims of the uprising. An official investigation by the government of the Sixth Republic put the figure at 207 dead. In addition, they found 987 "other casualties", including those seriously injured. However, a report from the British company BBC says that these figures are underestimated. The participants in the incident at the end of the 80s cite figures of 2000 dead. However, they do not provide exact information about the identities of the dead.
In art
The uprising is depicted in Korean feature films:
1. Old Garden (South Korea, 2006)
2. Great Vacation (South Korea, 2007)
In Korean music videos:
1. SPEED - "It's Over"
2. SPEED - "That's my Fault"
see also
Write a review on the article "Gwangju Uprising"
Notes
Links
- // "Skepsis"
An excerpt characterizing the Gwangju Uprising
- Sit down, - said Arakcheev, - Prince Bolkonsky?“I don’t ask for anything, but the sovereign emperor deigned to send the note I submitted to your excellency ...
“If you please, my dear, I read your note,” Arakcheev interrupted, only saying the first words affectionately, again without looking into his face and falling more and more into a grumblingly contemptuous tone. Do you propose new military laws? There are many laws, there is no one to fulfill the old ones. Nowadays, all laws are written, it is easier to write than to do.
- I came at the behest of the Sovereign Emperor to ask Your Excellency what course you intend to give to the submitted note? said Prince Andrew courteously.
- I put a resolution on your note and sent it to the committee. I do not approve, - said Arakcheev, getting up and taking paper from the desk. - Here! - he gave to Prince Andrei.
On paper, he crossed it, in pencil, without capital letters, without spelling, without punctuation marks, it was written: “It is unreasonably compiled as an imitation written off from the French military charter and from the military article without the need to retreat.”
- To which committee was the note sent? asked Prince Andrew.
- To the committee on military regulations, and I have presented your nobility as a member. Only without pay.
Prince Andrew smiled.
- I don't want to.
“Unpaid member,” repeated Arakcheev. - I have the honor. Hey call! Who else? he shouted, bowing to Prince Andrei.
While waiting for notification of his enrollment as a member of the committee, Prince Andrei renewed his old acquaintances, especially with those persons who, he knew, were in power and might be needed by him. He now experienced in Petersburg a feeling similar to that which he experienced on the eve of the battle, when he was tormented by restless curiosity and irresistibly drawn to higher spheres, to where the future was being prepared, on which the fate of millions depended. He felt from the anger of the old people, from the curiosity of the uninitiated, from the restraint of the initiates, from the haste and concern of everyone, from the innumerable number of committees and commissions, the existence of which he learned again every day, that now, in 1809, preparations were being made here in Petersburg, some kind of huge civil battle, of which the commander-in-chief was an unknown to him, mysterious and seemed to him a brilliant person - Speransky. Both the most vaguely known matter of transformation, and Speransky, the main figure, began to interest him so passionately that the matter of the military regulations very soon began to pass in his mind to a secondary place.
Prince Andrei was in one of the most favorable positions in order to be well received in all the most diverse and highest circles of the then Petersburg society. The party of reformers cordially received and lured him, firstly because he had a reputation for intelligence and great erudition, and secondly because by setting the peasants free he had already made himself a reputation as a liberal. The party of old dissatisfied, just like the son of their father, turned to him for sympathy, condemning the transformation. The sorority, the world, welcomed him, because he was a rich and noble fiancé, and almost a new face with a halo of a romantic story about his imaginary death and the tragic death of his wife. In addition, the general voice about him of all who knew him before was that he had changed a lot for the better in these five years, softened and matured, that there was no former pretense, pride and mockery in him, and there was that calmness that purchased over the years. They started talking about him, they were interested in him and everyone wanted to see him.
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Closed educational course for children of the elite: "The true arrangement of the world."
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Uprising in Gwangju(광주 민주화 운동) - protests in the city of Gwangju, South Korea, held from May 18 to May 27, 1980, were violently suppressed by government forces.
After the coup on December 12, 1979 in Seoul, General Chung Doo-hwan declared martial law in the country on May 17, 1980 in order to suppress student unrest. The next day, students from the city of Gwangju demonstrated at the gates of Cheonnam National University against the decision to close it. The university was blocked by army units, and the students moved to the city center, where they were met by armed government forces. Firearms were used, which resulted in the death of several marchers.
On May 20, in revenge, protesters burned down the office building of the MBC television and radio company, which they believe misreported the causes of the student protests. By May 21, about 300,000 people had joined the student movement to protest against the dictatorial military regime in the country. Military warehouses and police stations were captured and the rebels managed to push back the army units. Gwangju was hastily blocked by the regular army. In the city itself, a new government was formed to ensure order and negotiations with the central government.
On May 27, aviation and army units, consisting of five divisions, broke into the city center and captured it in just 90 minutes. With a city population of 740 thousand people, the number of soldiers exceeded 20 thousand. Several hundred civilians were killed.
During Chung Doo-hwan's reign, the Gwangju Incident was officially viewed as a communist uprising. However, after his departure from the presidency in 1988, the uprising came to be seen as an attempt at democracy. The state apologized for the brutal crackdown on the unrest, and a special cemetery was built for the victims of the incident.
There are various estimates of the number of victims of the uprising. An official investigation by the government of the Sixth Republic put the figure at 207 dead. In addition, they found 987 "other casualties", including those seriously injured. However, a report from the British company BBC says that these figures are underestimated. The participants in the incident at the end of the 80s cite figures of 2000 dead. However, they do not provide exact information about the identities of the dead.
In art
The uprising is depicted in Korean feature films:
1. Old Garden (South Korea, 2006)
2. Great Vacation (South Korea, 2007)
In Korean music videos:
1. SPEED - "It's Over"
2. SPEED - "That's my Fault"
see also
Write a review on the article "Gwangju Uprising"
Notes
Links
- // "Skepsis"
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An excerpt characterizing the Gwangju Uprising
“I think the same as you,” I smiled.- And when I saw that you were carried away, I immediately tried to catch up with you! But I tried and tried and nothing worked ... until she came. Stella pointed at Wei with her pen. “I am very grateful to you for this, Wei girl! - according to her funny habit of addressing two people at once, she thanked sweetly.
- This "girl" is two million years old... - I whispered in my friend's ear.
Stella's eyes widened in surprise, and she herself remained standing in a quiet tetanus, slowly digesting the stunning news ...
“Ka-a-ak - two million? .. Why is she so small? ..” breathed Stella, stunned.
- Yes, she says that they live a long time ... Maybe your essence is from the same place? I joked. But Stella, apparently, did not like my joke at all, because she was immediately indignant:
- How can you?! .. I'm the same as you! I'm not purple at all!
I felt funny, and a little ashamed - the baby was a real patriot ...
As soon as Stella appeared here, I immediately felt happy and strong. Apparently, our common, sometimes dangerous, “floor walks” had a positive effect on my mood, and this immediately put everything in its place.
Stella looked around in delight, and it was clear that she was eager to bombard our “guide” with a thousand questions. But the little girl heroically restrained herself, trying to appear more serious and mature than she really was...
“Tell me please, Weya’s girl, where can we go?” Stella asked very politely. Apparently, she was never able to "put" in her head the idea that Veya could be so "old" ...
“Wherever you want, since you are here,” the “star” girl calmly replied.
We looked around - we were pulled in all directions at once! .. It was incredibly interesting and I wanted to see everything, but we perfectly understood that we could not stay here forever. Therefore, seeing how Stella fidgets in place with impatience, I suggested that she choose where we would go.
- Oh, please, can we see what kind of "animal" you have here? – unexpectedly for me, asked Stella.
Of course, I would like to see something else, but there was nowhere to go - she herself suggested that she choose ...
We found ourselves in the likeness of a very bright forest, raging with colors. It was absolutely amazing! .. But for some reason I suddenly thought that I would not want to stay in such a forest for a long time ... It was, again, too beautiful and bright, a little oppressive, not at all the same as our soothing and fresh, green and light earthy forest.
Perhaps it is true that everyone should be where he truly belongs. And I immediately thought about our sweet "star" baby ... How she must have missed her home and her native and familiar environment! .. Only now I could at least understand a little how lonely she must have been on our imperfect and sometimes dangerous Earth...
- Please tell me, Veya, why did Atis call you gone? - I finally asked the question that was annoyingly spinning in my head.
“Oh, that’s because, a long time ago, my family volunteered to help other beings who needed our help. This happens to us often. And the departed never return to their home... This is the right of free choice, so they know what they are doing. That's why Atis took pity on me...
Anti-communist mass terror- well-known cases of political crimes committed by "right" reactionary regimes, which resulted in massacres of communists, persons suspected of belonging to them, other figures of the left movement, as well as their supporters.
Timeline of terror
1919 - 1921 Hungary
white terror
1927 China
Shanghai massacre
During the "Shanghai Massacre" of 1927, up to 12 thousand people were killed in China.
1933 - 1945, Germany
In Nazi Germany and in the occupied territories, the Nazis committed massacres of communists and their supporters.
1936 - 1945 Spain
white terror
In Spain, mass executions of communists began during the Civil War in 1936 and continued until 1945, as a result of which, according to various estimates, from 150 thousand to 400 thousand people were killed.
1948 - 1953 South Korea
Rebellion in Jeju
On April 3, 1948, an uprising broke out on the island of Jeju (South Korea), called "communist". According to a report prepared by US experts, about 60 thousand people, that is, 20% of the island's population, were in the ranks of those adhering to communist ideology, another 80 thousand were sympathizers. A month before the event, on March 1, the Workers' Party of South Korea organized a mass rally to commemorate the struggle to liberate the island from Japanese rule, as well as to condemn the UN decision to hold a general election in Korea, which was perceived as an attempt by the United States to unilaterally interfere in internal affairs of Korea under the guise of the UN. Despite the arrest of 2,500 party activists and the killing of at least three of them, the rally was held. Police units (from the mainland) opened fire on the demonstrators, killing six people. This provoked an uprising that began on 3 April. As a result of clashes with government troops, according to various estimates, from 14 thousand to 30 thousand people died. The suppression of the uprising was brutal: tens of thousands of people were killed, hundreds of villages were wiped off the face of the earth, tens of thousands of houses were destroyed. Several hundred employees of the 11th police regiment, sent to suppress the rebellion, went over to the side of the rebels. Fighting continued until May 1949, but small pockets of resistance took place until 1953.
According to an investigation by a South Korean state organization created by the liberal government of President Roh Moo-hyun in 2005 and called the "Truth and Reconciliation Commission", 14,373 deaths are known, of which 86% were killed by government forces, and 13.9% by armed rebels. . The total death toll, according to other estimates, reaches 30 thousand people. Approximately 70% of the island's villages were completely burned, over 39 thousand houses were destroyed.
Bodo League shooting
Execution of political prisoners by South Korean police
In the summer of 1950, members of the Bodo League were executed in South Korea. This organization was established in 1949 by the South Korean government as part of the so-called. rehabilitation programs. The true purpose of the creation of the Bodo League ("bodo" literally means "care and guidance") was to track down and control unscrupulous citizens suspected of communist sympathies. The total number of citizens registered in the Bodo League is estimated at 200,000 to 300,000 people. According to police reports, about 10,000 people were killed in 1950. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission suggests that this figure is not true: according to commission member Professor Kim Dong Chun, at least 100,000 people were executed on suspicion of collaboration with the communists.
In the first months of the Korean War (1950 - 1953) in the southeastern city of Ulsan, several hundred people died at the hands of South Korean police: in July - August 1950, 407 civilians were executed without trial or investigation. On January 24, 2008, then South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun issued a formal apology for these crimes.
In addition to these atrocities, there have been massacres of political prisoners in prisons located in cities such as Busan, Masan and Jinju.
1965 - 1966 Indonesia
After an unsuccessful attempt to seize power in Indonesia, according to various estimates, from 500 thousand to 1 million people were killed.
1973 - 1975, Chile
"Caravan of Death"
"Operation Colombo"
1976 - 1983 Argentina
"Dirty War"
1980 South Korea
Uprising in Gwangju
Suppression of the Gwangju uprising, May 1980
On May 18, 1980, a popular uprising broke out in the city of Gwangju (South Korea), which was immediately dubbed "communist". A few months before the event, the dictator Park Chung-hee, who ruled the country for 17 years, was assassinated. The period of political freedom that had begun did not last long. As a result of a military coup, a new dictator came to power - General Chung Doo-hwan, who, using the rhetoric of "national security", introduced martial law in the country: higher educational institutions were closed, political activity was banned, pressure on the press began. To control the situation, army units were sent to all regions of the country.
On the morning of May 18, a peaceful demonstration of students was scheduled in Gwangju to protest against the closure of the university. About 200 students gathered at the entrance to Chonnam State University, who were blocked by special forces consisting of 30 paratroopers (due to the fact that the city police did not control the situation, special forces were previously introduced into the city to suppress protests). Force was used against the protesters. Rocks flew in response. To protect children, parents, workers, small merchants took to the streets. On the one hand, about 2 thousand citizens took part in the confrontation, and on the other hand, more than 600 soldiers. According to eyewitnesses, the military beat protesters and random onlookers with truncheons, and cases of the use of edged weapons - bayonets - were recorded. The first to die was a random passer-by - a deaf man of 29 years old, beaten to death with truncheons. On May 20, the ranks of protesters increased to 10 thousand people. In view of the aggravation of the conflict, the military used firearms. Violence peaked on May 21, when army units opened fire on a crowd of protesters who had gathered outside the city administration building.
In order to somehow resist the violence, the townspeople attacked police stations and weapons depots (M-1 rifles, carbines, machine guns) and formed militia units that were able to force the military out of the city. For five days there was no trade in the city: the townspeople prepared food for free and distributed foodstuffs, provided free personal transport for defense purposes; the spontaneously organized system of distribution of foodstuffs, things and services did not depend on either the state or capital. On May 24, 15,000 residents of the city took to the streets to take part in a memorial service for the dead, and on May 25, 50,000 people gathered at a rally to adopt a resolution demanding the lifting of martial law in the country and the release of political prisoners. Finally, on May 27, large army units entered the city, which brutally suppressed the uprising in a matter of hours.
According to the official version, 144 civilians and 22 military and police personnel were killed, 127 civilians, 109 military personnel and 144 police officers were injured. Everyone who spoke out critical of the official version was arrested "for spreading false information." According to other estimates, up to 2 thousand people were killed.
Memorial with the graves of those killed during the protests in Gwangju
Uprising in Gwangju(kor. 광주 민주화 운동) - protests in the city of Gwangju, South Korea, held from May 18 to May 27, 1980, brutally suppressed by government forces.
During Chung Doo-hwan's reign, the Gwangju Incident was officially viewed as a communist uprising. However, after his departure from the presidency in 1988, the uprising came to be seen as an attempt at democracy. The state apologized for the brutal crackdown on the unrest, and a special cemetery was built for the victims of the incident.
There are various estimates of the number of victims of the uprising. An official investigation by the government of the Sixth Republic put the figure at 207 dead. In addition, they found 987 "other casualties", including those seriously injured. However, a report from the British company BBC says that these figures are underestimated. The participants in the incident themselves in the late 1980s cite figures of 2,000 dead [ ] . However, they do not provide exact information about the identities of the dead.
Chronicle [ | ]
After the coup on December 12, 1979 in Seoul, General Chung Doo-hwan declared martial law in the country on May 17, 1980 in order to suppress student unrest. The next day, students from the city of Gwangju demonstrated at the gate against the decision to close it. The university was blocked by army units, and the students moved to the city center, where they were met by armed government forces. Firearms were used, which resulted in the death of several marchers.
On May 20, in revenge, protesters burned down the office building of the MBC television and radio company, which they believe misreported the causes of the student protests. By May 21, about 300,000 people had joined the student movement to protest against the dictatorial military regime in the country. Military warehouses and police stations were captured and the rebels managed to push back the army units. Gwangju was hastily blocked by the regular army. In the city itself, a new government was formed to ensure order and negotiations with the central government.
On May 27, aviation and army units, consisting of five divisions, broke into the city center and captured it in just 90 minutes. With a city population of 740 thousand people, the number of soldiers exceeded 20 thousand. Several hundred civilians were killed.
In art [ | ]
The uprising is depicted in Korean feature films:
1. Old Garden (South Korea, 2006)
3. Hourglass (TV series, South Korea, 1995)
4. Petal (South Korea, 1996)
5. Mint Candy (South Korea, 1999)
6. Taxi Driver (South Korea, 2017)
7. 26 years old (South Korea, 2012)
8. Song of the Departed | The March for the Lost 2018
9. Excavator | Fork Lane 2017
10. Lawyer | The Attorney 2013
In Korean music videos and songs:
1. SPEED - "That's my Fault" (part 1)
2. SPEED - "It's Over" (part 2)
3. 낙션 (Naksyeon) - 518-062 (produced and composed by Gloss (SUGA from BTS))