Lesson in the development of speech. Description of the animal

If you're going to listen, Nika, then listen carefully. Such an agreement. Leave the tablecloth alone, dear girl, and don't braid the fringe...

Her name was Yu. Not in honor of some Chinese mandarin Yu-yu and not in memory of Yu-yu cigarettes, but just like that. Seeing her for the first time as a small kitten, a young man of three years old widened his eyes in surprise, pulled out his lips with a tube and said: "Yu-yu." Just whistled. And it went - Yu-yu.

At first it was only a fluffy lump with two cheerful eyes and a white and pink nose. This lump was dozing on the windowsill, in the sun; lapped, squinting and purring, milk from a saucer; caught flies on the window with his paw; rolled on the floor, playing with a piece of paper, a ball of thread, with his own tail ... And we ourselves do not remember when, instead of a black-red-white fluffy lump, we saw a big, slender, proud cat, the first beauty of the city and the object of envy of lovers.

Nika, take your index finger out of your mouth. You are already big. Eight years later - the bride. Well, what if this nasty habit is imposed on you? A magnificent prince will come from across the sea, he will begin to woo, and you suddenly - a finger in your mouth! The prince will sigh heavily and leave to look for another bride. Only you will see from a distance his golden carriage with mirrored windows... and dust from wheels and hooves...

Has grown, in a word, to all cats a cat. Dark chestnut with fiery spots, a fluffy white shirt-front on the chest, a quarter-arshine mustache, long and shiny hair, hind legs in wide trousers, a tail like a lamp ruff! ..

Nick, get Bobik off your knees. Do you really think that a puppy's ear is like a barrel organ handle? If someone twisted your ear like that? Come on, otherwise I won't tell.

Like this. And the most remarkable thing about her was her character. You notice, dear Nika: we live next to many animals and know absolutely nothing about them. We just don't care. Take, for example, all the dogs that you and I have known. Each has its own special soul, its own habits, its own character. The same with cats. The same with horses. And the birds. Just like people...

Well, tell me, have you ever seen such a fidget and fidget as you, Nika? Why are you pressing your little finger on your eyelid? Do you think there are two lamps? And they move in and out? Never touch your eyes...

And never believe what you are told bad things about animals. They will tell you: the donkey is stupid. When they want to hint to a person that he is narrow-minded, stubborn and lazy, he is delicately called a donkey. Remember, on the contrary, the donkey is not only an intelligent animal, but also an obedient, friendly, and industrious animal. But if you overload him beyond his strength and imagine that he is a racehorse, then he simply stops and says: "I can't do that. Do what you want with me." And you can beat him as much as you like - he will not budge. I would like to know who in this case is more stupid and stubborn: a donkey or a man? The horse is a completely different matter. She is impatient, nervous and touchy. She will even do what exceeds her strength, and immediately die of zeal ...

They also say: stupid as a goose ... And there is no smarter bird in the world. The goose knows the owners by their gait. For example, you come home in the middle of the night. You walk down the street, you open the gate, you pass through the yard - the geese are silent, as if they were not there. And a stranger entered the yard - now a goose commotion: "Ha-ha-ha! Ha-ha-ha! Who is this hanging around other people's houses?"

And what are they... Nika, don't chew paper. Spit it out... And what glorious fathers and mothers they are, if you only knew! The chicks are incubated alternately - either by the female or by the male. A goose is even more conscientious than a goose. If, in her spare time, she speaks over the measure with her neighbors at the watering trough - according to women's habit - Mr. Goose will come out, take her by the back of her head with his beak and politely drag her home, to the nest, to maternal duties. Here's how!

And it's very funny when the goose family deigns to take a walk. Ahead of him, the owner and protector. From importance and pride, the beak lifted up to the sky. Looks down on the whole poultry house. But trouble for an inexperienced dog or a frivolous girl like you, Nika, if you don’t give way to him: immediately he will snake over the ground, hiss like a bottle of soda water, open his hard beak, and the next day Nika walks with a huge bruise on his left leg, below the knee, and the dog keeps shaking his pinched ear.

And behind the goose - goslings, yellow-green, like fluff on a blooming willow lamb. They hug each other and squeak. Their necks are bare, they are not firm on their legs - you can’t believe that they will grow up and become like daddy. Mom is behind. Well, it’s simply impossible to describe her - she’s such bliss, such a triumph! "Let the whole world look and wonder what a wonderful husband I have and what magnificent children. Although I am a mother and wife, I must tell the truth: you will not find better in the world." And he rolls over from side to side, he rolls over ... And the whole goose family is exactly like a good German surname on a festive walk.

And note one more thing, Nika: geese and dachshund dogs, similar to crocodiles, are the least likely to fall under cars, and it’s even hard to decide which of them looks clumsy.

Or take a horse. What do they say about her? The horse is stupid. She has only beauty, the ability to run fast and the memory of places. And so - a fool is a fool, besides being short-sighted, capricious, suspicious and unattached to a person. But this nonsense is spoken by people who keep a horse in dark stables, who do not know the joy of raising it from a foal age, who have never felt how grateful a horse is to someone who washes it, cleans it, leads it to be shod, waters and feeds it. Such a person has only one thing in mind: to sit on a horse and be afraid, no matter how she kicks him, bites him, or throws him off. It would not occur to him to refresh the horse's mouth, to use a softer path on the way, to drink moderately in time, to cover him with a blanket or his coat in the parking lot ... Why will the horse respect him, I ask you?

And you better ask any natural rider about a horse, and he will always answer you: there is no one smarter, kinder, nobler than a horse - of course, if only she is in good, understanding hands.

The Arabs have the best horses ever. But there the horse is a member of the family. There, small children are left for her, as for the most faithful nanny. Be calm, Nika, such a horse will crush a scorpion with its hoof, and a wild beast will lie down. And if the grimy child crawls away on all fours somewhere in the thorny bushes where the snakes are, the horse will gently take him by the collar of his shirt or by the pants and drag him to the tent: "Don't climb, fool, where you shouldn't."

And sometimes horses die in longing for the owner, and cry with real tears.

And here is how the Zaporizhian Cossacks sang about the horse and the murdered owner. He lies dead in the middle of the field, and

Around his mare course,

Drive away the flies with your tail,

Look into his eyes

Pirska in his face.

Come on? Which of them is right? Sunday rider or natural?..

Ah, you haven't forgotten about the cat, have you? Okay, back to her. And it's true: my story almost disappeared in the preface. So, in ancient Greece there was a tiny town with huge city gates. On this occasion, some passerby once joked: look vigilantly, citizens, outside your city, otherwise he, perhaps, will slip away through these gates.

It's a pity. I would like to tell you about many more things: about how clean and smart slandered pigs are, how crows deceive a chained dog in five ways in order to take a bone from it, like camels ... Well, down with camels, let's talk about a cat.

Yu-yu slept in the house where she wanted: on sofas, on carpets, on chairs, on the piano in addition to music books. She loved to lie on the newspapers, crawling under the top sheet: there is something tasty in the printing ink for the cat's sense of smell, and besides, the paper keeps heat very well.

When the house began to wake up, her first business visit was always to me, and then only after her sensitive ear caught the morning clear childish voice that was heard in the room next to me.

Yu-yu opened the loosely closed door with her muzzle and paws, entered, jumped onto the bed, poked her pink nose into my hand or cheek and said briefly: "Murrm."

In all her life, she never meowed, but uttered only this rather musical sound "murrm". But there were many different shades in it, expressing either affection, or anxiety, or demand, or refusal, or gratitude, or annoyance, or reproach. The short "murrm" always meant: "Follow me."

She jumped down to the floor and, without looking back, walked to the door. She did not doubt my obedience.

I obeyed. He dressed hastily and went out into the dark corridor. Shining yellow-green chrysolite eyes, Yu-yu was waiting for me at the door leading to the room where a four-year-old young man usually slept with his mother. I pretended to be her. A barely audible grateful “mmm”, an S-shaped movement of a dexterous body, a zigzag of a fluffy tail, - and Yu-yu slid into the nursery.

There is a ritual of morning health. First - almost an official duty of respect - a jump on the bed to the mother. "Murrm! Hello, mistress!" Nose in hand, nose in cheek, and it's over; then jump to the floor, jump over the net into the crib. The meeting on both sides is tender.

"Murrm, murrm! Hello, my friend! Did you sleep well?"

Yu-yushenka! Yushenka! Amazing Yushenka!

Kolya, you've been told a hundred times, don't you dare kiss a cat! A cat is a breeding ground for germs...

Of course, here, behind the net, there is the truest and most tender friendship. But all the same, cats and people are only cats and people. Doesn't Yu-yu know that Katerina is about to bring cream and buckwheat mash with butter? He must know.

Yu-yu never begs. (Thanks meekly and cordially for the service.) But she studied the hour of the arrival of the boy from the butcher's shop and his steps to the point. If she is outside, she will certainly wait for the beef on the porch, and if she is at home, she runs towards the beef in the kitchen. She opens the kitchen door herself with incomprehensible dexterity. It does not have a round bone handle, as in a nursery, but a copper, long one. Yu-yu jumps with a run and hangs on the handle, clasping her front paws on both sides, and with her back legs rests against the wall. Two or three jolts with the whole flexible body - bang! The handle gave way and the door swung open. Further - it is easy.

It happens that the boy digs for a long time, cutting off and weighing. Then, out of impatience, Yu-yu clings to the edge of the table with his claws and begins to sway back and forth, like a circus performer on a horizontal bar. But - silently.

The little boy is a cheerful, ruddy, giggly rotozey. He passionately loves all animals, and is directly in love with Yu-yu. But Yu-yu won't let him even touch her. An arrogant look - and a jump to the side. She is proud! She never forgets that blue blood flows in her veins from two branches: the great Siberian and the sovereign Bukhara. The boy for her is just someone who brings her daily meat. At everything that is outside her home, outside her protection and favor, she looks with regal coldness. She graciously welcomes us.

I loved following her orders. Here, for example, I am working on a greenhouse, thoughtfully pinching off extra shoots from melons - a lot of calculation is needed here. Hot from the summer sun and from the warm earth. Yu-yu silently approaches.

It means: "Go, I'm thirsty."

I unbend with difficulty, Yu-yu is already ahead. Never turns back to me. Dare I refuse or slow down? She leads me from the garden to the yard, then to the kitchen, then down the corridor to my room. I politely open all the doors for her and respectfully let her in. Coming to me, she easily jumps onto the washbasin, where living water is drawn, easily finds on the marble edges three reference points for three paws - the fourth one is on weight for balance, - looks at me through her ear and says:

"Mroom. Let the water run."

I let a thin silver trickle flow. Stretching her neck gracefully, Yu-yu hastily licks the water with a narrow pink tongue.

Cats drink occasionally, but for a long time and in large quantities. Sometimes, for a playful experience, I lightly screw down the four-legged nickel handle. The water is drop by drop.

Yu-yu is unhappy. He shifts impatiently in his awkward posture, turning his head towards me. Two yellow topazes look at me with serious reproach.

"Murrum! Quit your nonsense!.."

And several times pokes his nose into the faucet.

I'm ashamed. I am sorry. I let the water run properly.

Yu-yu sits on the floor in front of the ottoman; next to her is a sheet of newspaper. I enter. I stop. Yu-yu stares at me with fixed, unblinking eyes. I look at her. This goes on for a minute. In the look of Yu-yu, I clearly read:

"You know what I need, but you pretend. I won't ask anyway."

I bend down to pick up the newspaper and immediately hear a soft jump. She's already on the ottoman. The look became softer. I make a gable hut out of the newspaper and cover the cat. Outward - only a fluffy tail, but it is gradually drawn in, drawn under the paper roof. The leaf crunched two or three times, moved, and that was it. Yu-yu is sleeping. I'm leaving on tiptoe.

Yu-yu and I used to have special hours of calm family happiness. This is when I wrote at night: a rather exhausting occupation, but if you get involved in it, there is a lot of quiet joy in it.

You scratch, you scratch with a pen, suddenly some very necessary word is missing. Has stopped. What silence! The hissing of kerosene in the lamp is barely audible, the noise of the sea is noisy in the ears, and this makes the night even quieter. And all the people are sleeping, and all the animals are sleeping, and the horses, and the birds, and the children, and Colin's toys are in the next room. Even the dogs do not bark, they fell asleep. Eyes squint, thoughts blur and disappear. Where am I: in a dense forest or on top of a high tower? And shudder from a soft elastic push. It was Yu-yu who easily jumped up from the floor onto the table. It is not known when she arrived.

He turns a little on the table, hesitates, taking a fancy to the place, and sits next to me, at the right hand, a fluffy, hunchbacked lump in the shoulder blades; all four paws are picked up and hidden, only two front velvet gloves stick out a little.

I write again quickly and with passion. Sometimes, without moving my head, I cast a quick glance at a cat sitting three-quarters away from me. Her huge emerald eye is fixed intently on the fire, and across it, from top to bottom, a black slit of the pupil is narrow, like a razor blade. But no matter how instantaneously the movement of my eyelashes, Yu-yu manages to catch it and turn her graceful muzzle towards me. The slits suddenly turned into shiny black circles, and around them there were thin amber rims. Okay, Yu-yu, we will write further.

Scratching, scratching pen. Fine, clumsy words come by themselves. In an obedient variety, phrases are built. But his head is already growing heavy, his back is aching, the fingers of his right hand are beginning to tremble: just look, a professional spasm will suddenly writhe them, and the pen, like a pointed dart, will fly across the room. Isn't it time?

And Yu-yu thinks it's time. She had long ago invented an amusement: she attentively follows the lines that grow on my paper, moving her eyes behind the pen, and pretends to herself that it is I who let out small, black, ugly flies from it. And suddenly a paw clap on the very last fly. The strike is sharp and fast: black blood smeared across the paper. Let's go to sleep, Yu-yushka. Let the flies also sleep until tomorrow.

Outside the window, you can already discern the vague outlines of my dear ash tree. Yu-yu curls up at my feet, on the blanket.

Yuyushkin's friend and tormentor Kolya fell ill. Oh, cruel was his illness; It's still scary to think about her. It was only then that I learned how incredibly tenacious a person can be and what enormous, unsuspected forces he can reveal in moments of love and death.

People, Nika, have a lot of common truths and current opinions that they take ready and never bother to check them. So, for example, out of a thousand people, nine hundred and ninety will say to you: "A cat is an egoistic animal. It is attached to housing, and not to a person." They will not believe, and they will not dare to believe what I will now tell about Yu-yu. You, I know, Nika, believe me!

The cat was not allowed to see the patient. Perhaps this was correct. Push something, drop it, wake it up, scare it. And it did not take long to wean her from the children's room. She soon realized her position. But on the other hand, she lay down like a dog on the bare floor outside, right by the door, sticking her pink nose into the crack under the door, and lay like that all those dark days, leaving only for food and a short walk. It was impossible to drive her away. Yes, and it was a pity. They walked through it, going into the nursery and leaving, they pushed it with their feet, stepped on its tail and paws, sometimes threw it away in haste and impatience. She only squeaks, gives way, and again gently but persistently returns to her original place. Until now, I have never heard or read about such feline behavior. Why doctors are used to not being surprised at anything, but even Dr. Shevchenko once said with a condescending smile;

You have a funny cat. On duty! It's funny...

Ah, Nika, for me it was not at all comical or curious. Until now, I still have in my heart a tender gratitude to the memory of Yu-yu for her bestial sympathy ...

And here's what was weird. As soon as Kolya's illness after the last cruel crisis turned for the better, when he was allowed to eat everything and even play in bed, the cat realized with some special subtle instinct that empty-eyed and noseless moved away from Colin's headboard, snapping her jaws with anger. Yu-yu left her post. She slept long and shamelessly on my bed. But at the first visit to Kolya, she did not find any excitement. He crushed and squeezed her, showered her with all sorts of affectionate names, even called her with delight for some reason Yushkevich! She deftly wriggled out of his still weak hands, said "mrm", jumped to the floor and left. What endurance, not to say: the calm grandeur of the soul! ..

Further, my dear Nika, I will tell you about such things that, perhaps, you will not believe. Everyone I told this to listened to me with a smile - a little incredulous, a little sly, a little forced politeness. Friends, however, sometimes said directly: "Well, you writers have a fantasy! Really, you can envy. Where is it heard and seen that a cat was going to talk on the phone?"

But she was going to. Listen, Nika, how did it happen.

Kolya got up from the bed, thin, pale, green; her lips were colorless, her eyes sunken in, her little hands pierced by the light, a little pinkish. But I already told you: great strength and inexhaustible - human kindness. It was possible to send Kolya for correction, accompanied by his mother, two hundred miles away to a wonderful sanatorium. This sanatorium could be connected by direct wire to Petrograd and, with some perseverance, could even call our dacha town, and there our home telephone. Colin's mother realized all this very soon, and one day, with the liveliest joy and even with wonderful surprise, I heard lovely voices from the receiver: first a woman's, a little tired and businesslike, then a cheerful and cheerful child's.

With the departure of two of her friends - big and small - Yu-yu was in alarm and bewilderment for a long time. She walked around the rooms and kept poking her nose into the corners. Poke and say emphatically: "Mick!" For the first time in our long acquaintance, I began to hear this word from her. What it meant in a cat's way, I don't dare to say, but in human terms it clearly sounded something like this: "What happened? Where are they? Where have they gone?"

And she looked at me with her wide yellow-green eyes; in them I read amazement and a demanding question.

She chose her dwelling again on the floor, in a cramped nook between my desk and the ottoman. In vain I called her to an easy chair and a sofa - she refused, and when I carried her there in my arms, she, after sitting for a minute, politely jumped down and returned to her dark, hard, cold corner. Strange: why did she punish herself so stubbornly in her days of grief? Didn't she want to use this example to punish us, people close to her, who, with all their omnipotence, could not or did not want to eliminate troubles and grief?

Our telephone set was placed in the tiny entrance hall on a round table, and near it stood a straw chair without a back. I do not remember in which of my conversations with the sanatorium I found Yu-yu sitting at my feet; I only know that it happened at the very beginning. But soon the cat began to resort to every telephone call and, finally, completely transferred her place of dwelling to the anteroom.

People in general are very slow and difficult to understand animals: animals - people are much faster and thinner. I understood Yu-yu very late, only when one day, in the midst of my tender conversation with Kolya, she silently jumped from the floor onto my shoulders, balanced herself and stretched her fluffy muzzle with alert ears forward from behind my cheek.

I thought: "The hearing of a cat is excellent, in any case, better than that of a dog, and much sharper than a human." Very often, when we returned late in the evening from guests, Yu-yu, recognizing our steps from afar, ran out to meet us across the third cross street. So she knew her people well.

And further. We had a friend, a very restless boy Zhorzhik, four years old. When he visited us for the first time, he annoyed the cat very much: he ruffled her ears and tail, squeezed her in every possible way and rushed around the rooms with her, holding her across her stomach. She hated this, although in her usual delicacy she never let out her claws. But on the other hand, every time later, when Zhorzhik came - be it in two weeks, in a month or even more - as soon as Yu heard Zhorzhik's ringing voice, resounding on the threshold, she ran headlong, with a plaintive cry to escape: in the summer she jumped out through the first open window, in winter it would slip away under the sofa or chest of drawers. No doubt she had a good memory.

"So what's the trick," I thought, "that she recognized Colin's sweet voice and reached out to see: where is her beloved friend hidden?"

I really wanted to test my guess. That same evening I wrote a letter to the sanatorium with a detailed description of the cat's behavior and begged Kolya that the next time he spoke to me on the phone, he would certainly remember and say into the receiver all the former affectionate words that he had spoken to Yu-yushka at home. And I'll bring the control eustachian tube to the cat's ear.

Soon I received an answer, Kolya is very touched by Yu-yu's memory and asks to convey his regards to her. They will talk to me from the sanatorium in two days, and on the third they will gather, pack up and go home.

Indeed, the very next morning, the telephone told me that they would now speak to me from the sanatorium. Yu-yu stood nearby on the floor. I took her into my lap - otherwise it would be difficult for me to manage two pipes. A cheerful, fresh Colin's voice in a wooden rim rang out. What a lot of new experiences and acquaintances! How many household questions, requests and orders! I barely had time to insert my request:

Dear Kolya, I'm going to put the telephone to Yuushka's ear. Ready! Tell her your nice words.

What words? I don't know any words," a voice said dully.

Kolya, dear, Yu-yu is listening to you. Tell her something sweet. Hurry up.

Yes, I don't know. I don't remember. Will you buy me an outdoor house for birds, as they hang them outside the windows here?

Well, Kolenka, well, golden, well, good boy, you promised to talk to Yu.

Yes, I do not know how to speak cat. I can't. I forgot.

Something suddenly clicked in the receiver, grunted, and from it came the sharp voice of the telephone operator:

You can't say stupid things. Hang up. Other clients are waiting.

There was a slight knock, and the hiss of the phone stopped.

So our experiment with Yuu did not work out. It's a pity. It was very interesting for me to find out whether our smart cat would respond or not to the affectionate words familiar to her with her gentle "murrum".

That's all about Yu-yu.

Not so long ago she died of old age, and now we have a grunt cat, a velvet belly. About him, my dear Nika, another time.

Lesson in the development of speech.
Description of the animal.
Presentation based on the story of A. I. Kuprin "Yu-Yu".
Objectives: to introduce students to the type of speech - description (description of the animal);
describe a cat with an exotic nickname Yu-Yu,
to cultivate interest in the work of A.I. Kuprin.
Equipment: computer, screen, presentation.
During the classes.
I. The word of the teacher.
Guys, you remember that there are basic types of speech: narration, reasoning and description. We got acquainted with the first two and their features in previous lessons. In this lesson, we will talk with you about the description, the description of the animal. The story of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin "Yu-Yu" will help us with this. The name of the story also contains its purpose - to describe a cat with such an exotic nickname: not Mashka, not Belka, but Yu-Yu. let's learn the skill of description from a great word artist!
II. Preparing for presentation.
1. Reading and analysis of passages from the story.
1st excerpt.
At first it was only a fluffy lump with two cheerful eyes and a white and pink nose. This lump was dozing on the windowsill, in the sun; lapped, squinting and purring, milk from a saucer; caught flies on the window with his paw; rolled on the floor, played with a piece of paper, a ball of thread, with his own tail. And we ourselves don’t remember when, instead of a black-red-white fluffy lump, we saw a big, slender, proud cat, the first beauty and the envy of lovers.
- How shall we name this part?
"Fluffy lump".
Conversation.
-What does the author highlight in the “portrait” of a kitten?
Kuprin highlights:
- body shape: fluffy lump (round, one piece);
- cheerful eyes (no color);
-nose: white-pink (compound adjective, shade of color);
- habits (cascade of verbs and verb forms): lapping, squinting and purring, catching, rolling, playing with a piece of paper - mobile, restless);
-color: black-red-white lump (complex adjective!).
2nd passage.
Has grown, in a word, to all cats a cat. Dark chestnut with fiery spots, a magnificent white shirt-front on the chest, a quarter arshin mustache, long hair and all glossy, hind legs in wide pants, a tail like a lamp ruff.
- How shall we name this part?
"To all cats a cat."
-How did the first passage end, in which the kitten is opposed to an adult cat?
And we ourselves do not remember when, instead of a black-red-white fluffy lump, we saw a big, slender, proud cat, the first beauty and the envy of lovers.
Attention to the screen!
-Guys, after the words “A statement based on the story of A.I. Kuprin “Yu-Yu””, skip one line!
Yu-Yu description plan.
General appearance: big, slender, proud, the first beauty.
Coloring: dark chestnut, with fiery spots on the chest.
·
Distinguishing marks: a lush white shirt-front on the chest.
Muzzle: a quarter arshin mustache (arshin - about a meter, i.e. the mustache is very long, expressive), eyes, nose.
Coat: Long and shiny all over, i.e. shiny, smooth, healthy.
Paws: in wide trousers.
Tail: Like a lamp brush (a lamp brush is a fluffy round brush used to clean kerosene lamps, i.e. the tail is very fluffy).
Would you like to have such a beauty at home?
-Why do we present Yu-Yu as alive?
Thanks to the expressive writing of Kuprin.
-Name all the techniques of Kuprin's artistic language in this description.
Answers:
large, slender, dark chestnut, long - just adjectives that depict the physical properties of a cat;
proud posture, fiery spots, i.e. bright, burning, lush shirt-front - epithets;
metaphors: a spot from the breast to the neck is a shirt-front, i.e. White collar; hair on the hind legs - wide pants;
comparison: tail - lamp ruff (shape, fluffiness, roundness).
3rd passage.
Yu-yu and I used to have special hours of calm family happiness. This is when I wrote at night. You scratch, you scratch with a pen, suddenly some very necessary word is missing. And shudder from a soft elastic push. It was Yu-yu who easily jumped up from the floor onto the table.
- What's the name of the third part?
"Hours of family happiness"
How is this passage different from the previous one?
There, the portrait is static, motionless, in this description Yu-yu's habits, her character are given.
What part of speech replaced the abundance of adjectives?
Verb.
-What is the character of Yu-yu in habits?
A soft elastic push, she jumped up, tossed and turned, crumpled, taking a fancy to the place, sat down side by side, turned into a fluffy hunchbacked lump; turned into a small statue, a sculpture: four paws are picked up, hidden, two front velvet gloves stick out a little.
-What is the general idea about the character of Yu-yu?
Light, mobile, graceful; devoted, loving, assistant to the owner, sensitive, in moments of difficulty is always there.

4. Drawing up a presentation plan.

Plan.
Fluffy lump.
"To all cats a cat":
a) general view.
b) coloring.
c) special signs.
d) muzzle (moustache, eyes, nose).
e) wool.
e) paws.
g) tail.
3) Hours of family happiness:
a) the habits of Yu-yu;
b) character Yu-yu.
.
III. Writing a presentation. Examination.
IV. Summary of the lesson.
-Guys, did you like the story of A.I. Kuprin?
- Share your impressions of reading
.
15

Attached files

Russian language, grade 5

Topic: “Description of the animal. Preparation for the presentation of the text of the story by A.I. Kuprin "Yu-yu"

Lesson type: speech development

Basic goals;

1. Improve reading technique in Russian language lessons;
2. Develop spelling vigilance, memory;
3. Train the ability to work with text;
4. Train the ability to analyze text.

Basic concepts: text-description, composition, micro-theme.

Lesson equipment: textbook by T. Ladyzhenskaya »Russian language. Grade 5”, task cards, notebooks for work on the development of speech.

During the classes

1. Motivation for learning activities

Hello guys. Check your readiness for the lesson. Pay attention to the topic of the lesson. Remember the compositional scheme of the type of speech - description.

Today in the lesson you will describe the animal according to the text of the story by A.I. Kuprin

"Yu-yu". How will you do it? (Work with text, highlight micro topics, keywords)

2. Mobilizing stage of the lesson. Knowledge update.

Work with text: reading the text to yourself.

Expressive reading of passages aloud (3 passages - 3 students)

Tasks for the class: formulate the topic of the text, the main idea, title the text.

3. Analytical work with micro topics:

1 part text : expressive reading, questions on the text:

The main idea of ​​1 micro-theme? (The lump turned into a beautiful cat

What parts of speech helped the fluffy ball in its transformation into a beautiful cat? (Verbs)

Name these parts of speech (on the board) was .. dozed .. lapped .. caught ... rode ...

Punctuation error? (comma for homogeneous terms)

- collect sentences using keywords from the text

Was (Who?) Dozing (Where?) Lakal ( How? What? Of what?) Caught (Whom? How? Where?) Skated (Where? What did he do?)

Questions to the class: (find answers in the text)

What was the lump like at the beginning of the transformation?

What did you see instead of a lump in the process of transformation? (read in text)

Work in groups (by cards):

Find test words, put next

1. K ... mok hv ... st

2. Dr…smaller…bigger

3. L ... pitchfork to ... tits

4. K ... talked l ... vit

5. Bigger dr…mlet

6. Hv ... stom to ... m

Connect the word and the corresponding diagram with lines:

Window sill (prefix, root, suffix)

First (root, suffix, ending)

Fiery (prefix, root, suffix, ending)

Determine the main idea of ​​1 part of the text (plan options are offered)

1. Fluffy ball.

2. The envy of lovers.

3. The fluffy ball turned into a beautiful cat.

Which paragraph of the plan most fully conveys the main idea of ​​the text?

2nd part of the text - expressive reading aloud

Text assignments:

Find the key sentence that contains the main idea of ​​the text? (proposal to put in the heading of the plan)

Explain the lexical meaning of the key sentence using the text. (The cat has grown to all cats)

Collect adjectives-beads in a necklace, observing punctuation marks

How are such adjectives called in the literature? (epithets)

What style of speech does the assembled necklace indicate belonging to?

Dictionary and spelling work with an explanation of the lexical meaning: (see Explanatory Dictionary)

Arshin - a measure of length, 0.71 meters

Shine - shine, shine

Bib - a white bib sewn or fastened to a man's shirt, a special bib to a woman's dress

Chestnut - chestnut color, brown

Find words in 2 parts in which there are more sounds than letters (chestnut, lush, white, long, back, ruff)

Find in parts 1-2 words that are written with a hyphen. On what basis can one formulate the rule for writing these adjectives with a hyphen? (by color)

White and pink nose

Black-red-white lump

Dark chestnut

3 part - expressive reading aloud

- Formulate the main idea of ​​the microtopic: find a key phrase that can be put in the title. (Hours of family happiness)

What are the hours of family happiness? (According to the text)

Find lost letters:

Ts ... rapaesh ..., hv ... melts, wakes up ... chila, vzdr ... gnesh ..., n ... in ... roars, n ... rumples, g ... rbaty.

Restore text (text on blackboard)

She turns a little on the table, hesitates, - -, sits down - with me at the right hand - - - -, all four paws - and -, only the two front ones - - protrude a little -.

Define text style. What details speak about belonging to the style of fiction? (A specific picture, image, sentences with homogeneous members, epithets)

3. Implementation of the acquired knowledge

The class works with the plan, retelling of the text, word drawing.

1. Independent work.

Writing a presentation.

Russian lesson preparation plan for students

5th grade.

Lesson topic: “Description of the animal. Preparation for the presentation of the text of the story by A.I. Kuprin "Yu-yu"

Lesson type: speech development

Basic goals:

educational - to improve the technique of reading in the lessons of the Russian language;

Educational - develop spelling vigilance, memory; to train the ability to work with text; train the ability to analyze text.

nurturing – fostering interest in learning the Russian language.

Lesson equipment: textbook by T. Ladyzhenskaya »Russian language. Grade 5”, task cards, notebooks for work on the development of speech.

Time spending: 3rd lesson, from 11.05 to 11.50

Location: Russian language room No. 36.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

Motivation for learning activities. (Application of problem-based learning technology)

Hello guys. Check your readiness for the lesson. Pay attention to the topic of the lesson. Remember the compositional scheme of the type of speech - description.

Today in the lesson you will describe the animal according to the text of A.I. Kuprin's story "Yu-yu". How will you do it? (Work with text, highlight micro topics, keywords)

2. Mobilizing stage of the lesson. Knowledge update. (Application of information and communication technology)

Work with text: reading the text to yourself.

Expressive reading of passages aloud (3 passages - 3 students)

Tasks for the class: formulate the topic of the text, the main idea, title the text.

3. Analytical work with micro topics

1 part text : expressive reading, questions on the text:

The main idea of ​​1 micro-theme? (The lump turned into a beautiful cat

What parts of speech helped the fluffy ball in its transformation into a beautiful cat? (Verbs)

Name these parts of speech (on the board) was .. dozed .. lapped .. caught ... rode ...

Punctuation error? (comma for homogeneous terms)

- collect sentences using keywords from the text

Was (Who?)Dozing (Where?) lacal (How? What? Of what?)Caught (Whom? How? Where?)rode(Where? What did he do?)

Questions to the class: (find answers in the text)

What was the lump like at the beginning of the transformation?

What did you see instead of a lump in the process of transformation? (read in text)

Work in groups (by cards):

Find test words, put next

1. K ... mok hv ... st

2. Dr…smaller…bigger

3. L ... pitchfork to ... tits

4. K ... talked l ... vit

5. Bigger dr…mlet

6. Hv ... stom to ... m

Connect the word and the corresponding diagram with lines:

Window sill (prefix, root, suffix)

First (root, suffix, ending)

Fiery (prefix, root, suffix, ending)

Determine the main idea of ​​1 part of the text (plan options are offered)

1. Fluffy ball.

2. The envy of lovers.

3. The fluffy ball turned into a beautiful cat.

Which paragraph of the plan most fully conveys the main idea of ​​the text?

2nd part of the text - expressive reading aloud

Text assignments:

Find the key sentence that contains the main idea of ​​the text? (proposal to put in the heading of the plan)

Explain the lexical meaning of the key sentence using the text. (The cat has grown to all cats)

Collect adjectives-beads in a necklace, observing punctuation marks

How are such adjectives called in the literature? (epithets)

What style of speech does the assembled necklace indicate belonging to?

Dictionary and spelling work with an explanation of the lexical meaning: (see Explanatory Dictionary)

Arshin - a measure of length, 0.71 meters

Shine - shine, shine

Bib - a white bib sewn or fastened to a man's shirt, a special bib to a woman's dress

Chestnut - chestnut color, brown

Find words in 2 parts in which there are more sounds than letters (chestnut, lush, white, long, back, ruff)

Find in parts 1-2 words that are written with a hyphen. On what basis can one formulate the rule for writing these adjectives with a hyphen? (by color)

White and pink nose

Black-red-white lump

Dark chestnut

3 part - expressive reading aloud

- Formulate the main idea of ​​the microtopic: find a key phrase that can be put in the title. (Hours of family happiness)

What are the hours of family happiness? (According to the text)

Find lost letters:

Ts ... rapaesh ..., hv ... melts, wakes up ... chila, vzdr ... gnesh ..., n ... in ... roars, n ... rumples, g ... rbaty.

Restore text (text on blackboard)

She turns a little on the table, hesitates, - -, sits down - with me at the right hand - - - -, all four paws - and -, only the two front ones - - protrude a little -.

Define text style. What details speak about belonging to the style of fiction? (A specific picture, image, sentences with homogeneous members, epithets)

3. Implementation of the acquired knowledge (Application of critical thinking technology)

The class works with the plan, retelling of the text, word drawing.

Independent work. (Application of student-centered learning technology).

Writing a presentation.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Gymnasium No. 5", Bryansk

Brief summary of the story

Y. Dmitrieva "Once upon a time and not very" in the 7th grade

prepared

teacher of Russian language and literature

Legotskaya Vera Sergeevna

The purpose of the lesson

teach types of text compression.

Lesson objectives:

to form the ability to adequately perceive the information contained in the read text; the ability to process perceived information, highlighting the main thing in it; the ability to communicate processed information in writing; the ability to understand the logic of dividing text into paragraphs and reproduce the composition of the text;

develop the skills of determining the main idea, highlighting micro-themes, conscious mastery of spelling, punctuation, grammatical norms of the language;

cultivate love and interest in the natural environment.

Preliminary Exercises(carried out in the lessons preceding the writing of the presentation.)

1. Vocabulary dictation.(Work in pairs). Read carefully and explain the encountered spellings to your desk mate. Give examples orally. Write down under the dictation of a neighbor on the desk.

Primitive man, numerous animals, in their original form, associated with them, all unknown, extraordinary qualities, in the midst of boundless space, leveling the earth, became very angry, accompanied by ceremonies,

2. Grammar tasks.

Write down the words morphematically: watch for, streamlined, unconditional, ancestors, American, sacred, worshiped, performance.

Perform syntactic parsing of sentences.

1) Animals, like everything unknown, the primitive man surrounded with legends, endowed them with extraordinary qualities, considered them all-powerful.

2) Primitive people invented for themselves the ancestors who lived on earth even when there were no people on it.

Specify "fourth extra"

1) numerous (n, nn) ​​th, unprotected (n, nn) ​​th, skova (n, nn) ​​ice, unusual (n, nn) ​​th

2) let ... listen, everyone ... thick, forbid ..., sacred ... sacred.

3) c ... r ... monia, r ... tual, relation ... schenie, absolute ... fierce

4) ra ... angry, ra ... melted, ... forged, unknown ... known

During the classes

1. Goal setting

Teacher. Today in the lesson we have to remember what a concise presentation is, how it differs from a detailed one, what methods of text compression exist. And the materials for preparing for the exam will help us in this (they are in your folders on the tables), your knowledge that is always with you, and the texts of the story "Once upon a time and not so", with which we will work. What is a summary?

Students. A concise presentation involves the reproduction of the original text briefly, generally, while maintaining its main style and language features.

Teacher. Why is it important to be concise?

Students. Because in life most often you have to state the essence, essential, main information.

Students. Dmitriev (Edelman) Yuri Dmitrievich (1926-1989) - naturalist writer. Philologist by education. Dmitriev devoted literary work to the protection of the environment, the education of a scientific and humane attitude towards animals. Many children know his books "Green Patrol", "Ordinary Miracles", "Big Book of the Forest", "Man and Animals".

Teacher. I want to add that Yuri Dmitriev has a rare gift - not only to see and feel the beauty and unusualness of the world around him, but also to be able to convey both beauty and unusualness to readers. Often in our life we ​​do not see anything unusual around us and believe that miracles happen only in a fairy tale. But it is enough just to carefully look at the world around us to understand that every blade of grass, every bee, every squirrel tells amazing stories and, as it were, invites you to a fabulous, amazing country.

2. Expressive reading of the text by the teacher

Primitive man had a very difficult life. He was tormented by cold, illness, and wild animals, powerful and numerous, were on the lookout at every step. And he is weak, unprotected, a tiny grain of sand in the raging ocean of nature. Everything is incomprehensible to him: the sun and the stars, the moon and the rainbow, river floods and rains, thunder and lightning. But even more incomprehensible are living beings, their voices, their cunning, their life. Animals, like everything unknown, the primitive man surrounded with legends, endowed them with extraordinary qualities, considered them all-powerful. Even the creation of the world is often attributed to animals.

... Endless water surface, absolute darkness and absolute silence - this is how the ancient inhabitants of Egypt imagined the world in its original form. But a hill rose above this water surface with a frog sitting on its top and an egg lying next to it. A goose hatched from an egg - the Great Gogotun. And immediately the silence disappeared - the goose screamed. It immediately became light - the goose, like the sun, lit up everything around. Then the goose began to create the inhabitants of the earth - people and animals.

Some peoples believe that the earth was made not by birds, but by animals. For example, the Evenks have a legend that the world was created by a mammoth and a fantastic serpent, the diabdar. It was like this: in the middle of a vast expanse of water there was a tiny island. To increase it, the mammoth began to get the earth from the bottom with its trunk and tusks and throw it on the island, and the snake crawled along the island and, leveling the earth, increased its area.

The Algonquin Indians know another, no less important moment in the history of the earth. It turns out that at first the whole earth was covered with deep snow, all the waters were frozen. It was very bad. But then a kind animal weasel was found, which gnawed through the vault of heaven, and warm winds and sunbeams poured out of the hole onto the earth. It became warm. Ice and snow melted. And the weasel opened the cages and released the birds. Weasel did many good deeds, but the inhabitants of the heavenly country became very angry with her and killed her.

Well, since animals created the earth, freed it from eternal ice, streamlined day and night, then they have an unconditional relationship to the creation of people! This is what the primitive people thought. They invented for themselves the ancestors who lived on earth even when there were no people on it. And these ancestors, of course, were animals.

For example, the Australians believed that their ancestors were the Mindy and Volunku snakes, the Milbili lizard and the Kipara turkey. American Indians believe they are descended from wolves, deer, jaguars, bears, ravens...

Naturally, these animals were sacred to the tribes, supposedly descending from them. They were worshiped, they were asked for help, it was forbidden to hunt them. And if they were killed, then this was accompanied by special ceremonies, a ritual. This is how the first sacred animals appeared, the first rituals associated with them. Scientists called this idea of ​​the relationship between people and animals totemism, which in the language of one of the Indian tribes meant "his kind."

3. Conversation by content

Teacher. What is this text about?

Students. This text is about the relationship between man and animals in ancient times, about how once a weak person who did not know how to explain what was happening around him tried to find answers from our smaller brothers.

Teacher. What is the main idea of ​​this text?

Students. People and animals are equal on this earth - this is the main idea of ​​the text; the author convinces us that at the dawn of human civilization, people recognized the superiority of animals and even worshiped them.

Teacher. How would you title the text you read? Will you reflect the theme or idea in the title?

Students. How did the first sacred animals appear? Man and animals are related. How animals "created" the Earth.

Teacher. What, in your opinion, is the most important and what is secondary in this text?

Students. The main thing is to show with what respect primitive people treated animals, how they surrounded them with legends, endowed them with extraordinary qualities. The secondary, probably, lies in the details of the story about what the ancient people's ideas about the world were like.

Teacher. Indicate examples in the text that allow the author to convince the reader of the original relationship between humans and animals.

Students. According to ancient people, animals and birds created the earth and were the progenitors of people.

Students. Probably, just like the ancient people, with reverence and worship, remembering the relationship between man and animals.

4. Plan and identify keywords

Teacher. What parts can the text be divided into? How did you single them out? Try to mark them on the draft in the form of a citation plan.

Students.

"The ancestors were animals."

Teacher. And now we will select keywords and phrases for each of the microtopics.

Students. (Write down, the teacher pays attention to the spellings encountered)

5. Vocabulary and spelling work

Teacher. Explain the lexical meaning of words

Absolute - unconditional, perfect, complete.

Ceremony - an established solemn rite, the procedure for doing something.

Ritual - the order of ritual actions.

Totemism - in the view of ancient people: the belief that the ancestor of the tribe is some kind of animal, and worship of it.

6. Text compression (work in groups)

Teacher. As we have already said, the task of our lesson is to compress the text. Recall the basic compression techniques. (Memo 1). You will decide which method to choose by joining groups and discussing compression methods. The class is divided into four groups and compresses each of the micro topics in order.

Memo 1. Three main ways of compressing (compressing) text

There are three main ways of compressing (compressing) text:

exception,

generalization,

simplification.

1. Exception:

exclusion of repetitions, details, details;

exclusion of one or more of the synonyms;

exclusion of clarifying and explanatory constructions;

exclusion of one or more proposals.

2. Generalization:

replacement of homogeneous members by a generalizing word;

replacement of a sentence or part of it with a definitive or negative pronoun with a generalizing meaning.

3. Simplify:

merging several sentences into one;

replacing a sentence or part of it with a demonstrative pronoun;

replacing a complex sentence with a simple one;

replacing a fragment of a sentence with a synonymous expression.

Text compression techniques:

1) division of information into main and secondary, exclusion of irrelevant and secondary information;

2) curtailment of the initial information due to generalization (translation of the particular into the general).

Which compression method to use in each particular case will depend on the communicative task and the characteristics of the text.

7. Discussion of the obtained results

8. Re-reading the text and writing a concise summary

Students.

Primitive man was tormented by cold, illness, wild animals were on the lookout at every step. And he is weak, unprotected, unable to explain the phenomena of nature, not understanding the life of plants and animals. He feared the latter most of all and, like everything incomprehensible, he surrounded with legends, considered omnipotent. Even the creation of the world is often attributed to animals.

The inhabitants of ancient Egypt imagined the world in its original form as an endless expanse of water in silence and darkness. But then a hill rose with a frog sitting on its top and an egg lying next to it. A goose hatched from the egg - the Great Cackler, which, like the sun, woke up and lit up everything around, and then began to create the inhabitants of the earth - people and animals.

Some peoples, for example, the Evenks, believe that the world was created by mammoths and snakes. It was like this: a mammoth with a trunk and tusks took out the earth from the bottom and threw it on a tiny island in the boundless water, and the snake crawled along the island and, leveling the earth, increased its area.

The Indians of one of the tribes believe that at first the whole earth was covered with deep snow, all the waters were frozen. A kind animal weasel gnawed through the vault of heaven, and warm winds and sunbeams gushed out of the hole onto the earth. Warmer, ice and snow melted. Weasel did many good deeds, but the inhabitants of the heavenly country became very angry with her and killed her.

Primitive people invented their ancestors (of course, animals) who lived on earth even when there were no people on it. The Australians believed that their ancestors were snakes, a lizard and a turkey. American Indians believed they were descended from wolves, deer, jaguars, bears, ravens...

Naturally, these animals were sacred to the tribes descending from them. They were worshiped, they were asked for help, it was forbidden to hunt them. Scientists called this idea of ​​the relationship between people and animals totemism, which in the language of one of the Indian tribes meant "his kind."

8. Reflection

Teacher. Continue the sentence:

Today in class I learned...

Today in class I learned...

Today in class I realized...

References

1. Shapiro N.A. and others. Preparation for the GIA in the Russian language in the 9th grade: method and practice. - M .: "First of September", 2010.

2. Khaustova D.A. Russian language. Preparation for the GIA (writing a summary) .- M .: "Exam", 2010.