Shengraben battle in the novel “War and Peace. Battle of Shengraben in the novel "War and Peace of Tushin during the Battle of Shengraben"

In the image of Tushin, Leo Tolstoy showed the heroic deed of the Russian people in the struggle for the independence of their homeland.

Simple and modest, of small stature, at first glance he is not at all a military man, Captain Tushin, like everyone else, is afraid of death and does not hide it. He looks plain, does not know how to properly salute, just as he does not know how to speak eloquently.

An atmosphere of friendship, trust and mutual assistance reigned in his battery. The captain did not put himself above his subordinates, was on an equal footing with them and was not much different from the rest. He ate, drank, sang songs with the soldiers.

It's impossible to tell from his appearance that he can be a hero. But when clouds gather over the Motherland, he transforms, boldly goes into battle and leads the soldiers behind him. And the soldiers unconditionally follow him, showing courage and courage.

What is Tushin's feat? First of all, in love for the Motherland and its people. Tushin does not think about himself, just as he does not think about fame. He thinks only of the Motherland and is ready to give his life for it. In battle, he forgets about death, presenting himself as a hero, and confidently leads the soldiers to victory.

Tushin's battery is losing guns and many people. But the captain does not give up, just as his subordinates do not give up. They do not get lost and do not flee from the battlefield, continuing to fight courageously, even when their cover leaves them. Knowing no fear, they do their duty. And they perform it with unprecedented gaiety, which the captain imposed on them. Could they leave the battlefield? They could, but they didn't.

The French could not even imagine that four cannons and a small group of soldiers, led by an inconspicuous captain, could burn Shengraben. But they did it, and the victory in the battle was on their side.

Tushin did not strive for fame, did not run to report on his heroism. He simply did what he had to do to defeat the enemy, otherwise he could not do it because of a sense of patriotism that was higher than even his own life, which he would have honorably given on the altar of victory.

No one noticed Tushin's feat, as soon as Prince Andrei came to the defense of the captain and told about the heroism of his battery, which saved him from punishment for the guns left on the battlefield.

Tushin accomplished a feat, not knowing that it was a feat. But thanks to his feat, a victory was won over the French.

Life is so arranged that the true heroes remain on the sidelines, and their glory is appropriated by the generals. But among the Russian people there are such heroes as Tushin, and this is the main thing. It was thanks to their dedication, courage and patriotism that Russia won many victories in the fight against enemies.

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In the novel "War and Peace" Tolstoy showed us many different images, with different characters and views on life. Captain Tushin is a controversial character who played a big role in the war of 1812, although he was very cowardly.

Seeing the captain for the first time, no one could have thought that he could accomplish at least some feat. He looked like a "Small, dirty, thin artillery officer without boots, in only stockings", he even gets a reprimand from the staff officer for his appearance. At that moment, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky thought that this man could not be a military man, since he looked very comical and stupid. Tushin, even before the start of hostilities, was afraid of everything related to the war: he was afraid of the explosion of shells, the whistle of bullets, he was afraid that he would be wounded and afraid to see other wounded and killed, he was afraid of condemnation from colleagues and superiors. And at the most crucial moment, the captain drove away his fear, presenting the battle in a comical light, and this achieved its goal: Captain Tushin's battery practically alone held the defense. Only Prince Andrei noticed and appreciated Tushin's heroic deed and then defended him at the military council, proving that they owe their success in the Shangraben battle only to the correct actions of the captain.

In the war, Tushin loses his hand and will no longer be able to defend the Motherland, but using his example, the author showed that it is not necessary to be brave, just for a feat you need to be able to overcome your fear.

Apr 12 2010

Tushin does not change at all in battle: he is still inclined to think, his movements are awkward, he shudders from the sounds of shots, but here his thoughts take on a different character. He no longer thinks about death: "the thought that he could be killed or hurt painfully did not occur to him." But "his own fantastic world was established in his head, which constituted his pleasure at that moment." French guns appear to him as pipes, shells as balls, the French as ants; he calls his big cannon Matveevna, and he sees himself as "huge growth, a powerful man who throws cannonballs at the French with both hands."

So what is heroism and what does it mean: courage, if the hero turns out to be small, shy, weak, only imagining himself a strong man? passed the siege of Sevastopol and knew. He knew: those who say that they are not afraid of anything are lying. Everyone is afraid, but not everyone knows how to overcome their fear, and courage lies in the fact that, shuddering from shots, not to run away from where it is dangerous, but to do your own thing. It is always very insulting to read how a staff officer attacks Tushin, who finally got to him with an order to retreat: “What are you, crazy? ...” It’s not offensive because he shouts at Tushin, but because Tushin is frightened of him and cannot overcome this fear of his.

• “Well, why are they me? ..” Tushin thought to himself, looking at the boss with fear.
• - I ... nothing ... - he said, putting two fingers to the visor. - I-"

Luckily, that time flew by! the core staff officer turned his horse and galloped off; away, and instead of him came. "He gave the order and did not leave the battery." Tushin shudders from the shots - and does his job. Prince Andrei also “felt a nervous tremor run down his back. But the very thought that he was afraid lifted him up again. "I can't be afraid," he thought, and slowly dismounted from his horse between the guns. They are very different, Tushin and Prince Bolkonsky. In peaceful life there is nothing in common between them, and the proud prince, perhaps, would not condescend to a conversation with an artillery captain, and there would be nowhere for them to meet. But here, brought together, they silently do their job: "Both were so busy that it seemed they did not see each other." Here they are similar to the main thing that is required from a person, realized by Prince Andrei and not realized by Tushin, with the thought: “I cannot be afraid”, the ability to overcome his fear.

And Tushin feels this unity. When it was all over and Prince Andrei held out his hand to him, Tushin said the same words that he would have said to his sergeant major Zakharchenko.

“- Goodbye, my dear,” said Tushin, “dear soul! Farewell, my dear, - Tushin said with tears, which, for some unknown reason, suddenly came into his eyes. These tears are understandable. The upsurge of terrible tension was over, his Toulon was over, there was no longer any need to be a hero, and he again turned into a small, timid man. So he stands in front of Bagration in a cramped hut, where all the authorities have gathered; so many eyes are fixed on the poor captain - it is no wonder that he stumbled over the staff of the French banner taken today and caused laughter, and "Zherkov's voice was heard loudest of all." Reading this scene is bitter, and ashamed, and scary: why is that? Why is the coward Zherkov sitting here and laughing the loudest, and the hero Tushin, trembling, stands in front of Bagration, barely having the strength to say: “I don’t know ... your excellency ... there were no people, your excellency.”

Involuntarily, one more hero of the Shengraben battle, familiar to us from the review in Braunau, comes to mind. Here he appeared at the very moment when the soldiers succumbed to panic and ran ...

“All seemed lost. But at that moment the French, who were advancing on ours, suddenly, for no apparent reason, ran back, disappeared from the edge of the forest, and Russian arrows appeared in the forest. It was Timokhin's company, which, alone in the forest, kept itself in order and, having sat down in a ditch near the forest, unexpectedly attacked the French. Timokhin, with such a desperate cry, rushed at the French and with such insane and drunken determination, with one skewer, ran into the enemy that the French, not having time to come to their senses, threw down their weapons and ran. (Italics mine. - N.D.)

Only thanks to Timokhin did the Russians have time to come to their senses: “The fugitives returned, the battalions gathered ...”

This is how the same Timokhin behaved in battle, who, at the review in Braunau, “pressed his two fingers more and more to the visor, as if in this one pressing he now saw his salvation.”

So what is courage, if the brave man, whom Kutuzov remembered even from Ishmael, remaining a brave man in battle, stretches out in front of his superiors, trembling with fear, and Captain Tushin, who did not think about the danger under enemy nuclei, is speechless standing in front of Bagration?

Courage is varied. And there are many people who are unrestrainedly brave in battle, losing their courage in everyday life. Their behavior can not always be called cowardice; here is another. On the battlefield, a person knows how he should behave and what is required of him. In ordinary life, something else happens” exactly what a person must do, obeying his conscience, can cause discontent of other people. That's whose courage in battle and at headquarters is the same - this is Prince Andrei. Here, too, he can order himself: "I cannot be afraid"; he knows one thing: how to retreat in battle, and to remain silent before the authorities means to humiliate his human dignity, and therefore stands up for Tushin.

“Thank you, you helped me out, my dear,” Tushin told him, ”and Prince Andrei felt sad and hard, how sad and hard it was for us to read about Tushin’s summons to Bagration.

We will meet Tushin again in the hospital, where he will come out to meet us with an empty sleeve, because he will lose his arm in one of the next battles. We will no longer see him in the pages of the novel, but we will forever remember what he taught us: if you want to become brave, the task is not to not be afraid. You just need to know: to be ashamed to be afraid, I have no right to do this; I must overcome my fear, I cannot do otherwise. This impossibility to do otherwise is called courage.

The image of Tushin in the novel by Tolstoy L.N. "War and Peace" is portrayed as the image of a "little man", quiet and inconspicuous, but so great when he goes about his business.

Tushin's external characterization is completely unpretentious: "A small, dirty, thin artillery officer without boots, wearing only stockings." We get to know this hero through his perception by Andrei Bolkonsky. He “looked again at the figure of the gunner. There was something special about her, not at all military, somewhat comical, but extremely attractive. We understand that the captain is sympathetic to Prince Andrei, and we begin to look closely at this hero. We meet Tushin several times in the novel. At the beginning of the battle near Shengraben, “little Tushin, with a pipe bitten to the side” appears before us again.

Here the author himself admires his hero. On the battlefield, he is not lost among the soldiers and officers, even being next to Bagration, not noticing the commander, Tushin runs out under the very fire and gives commands. “The little man, with weak, awkward movements, constantly demanded for himself another pipe from the batman ... ran forward and looked at the French from under his small hand. - Crush, guys! - he would say, and he himself would pick up the guns by the wheels and unscrew the screws.

In the image of the hero, folklore motifs and realities are combined: he represents enemy cannons as pipes of invisible huge smokers, and cannonballs - as cast-iron balls, enemy troops - as ants. He even endowed his big cannon with his own name - Matveevna. He also presents himself as "a huge, powerful man who throws cannonballs at the French with both hands."

In a military situation, Tushin behaves so naturally, as if he were doing his usual daily activities. Disorganized in life, incapable of fulfilling the ceremonial military regulations, which the authorities were constantly dissatisfied with, in battle the captain demonstrates an example of courage, valor and heroism, which is also quite natural and organic for him. He just can't behave differently because he's so organized.

The author deliberately portrays the hero as a “little man”, weak, timid, but fearless, capable of a feat. He is the representative of the people and, according to Tolstoy, it was precisely such people who made history. During the battle of Shengraben, left on the battlefield without cover, with one of his batteries, which consisted of four guns, Tushin continued the fight, only slightly shuddering when shells exploded nearby. The battery was not taken by the enemy only because the French could not even imagine that this continuously firing point was so audacious. Tushin is portrayed by Tolstoy at this point as a true hero. However, when the captain has to appear before Bagration, he is so lost that he can hardly pronounce the words. Clinging to the flagpole, he causes laughter from those present. So brave in battle, here he cannot defend himself, cannot tell that the battery was left without cover, because by doing this he can cause trouble to the person who led the defense. But Andrei Bolkonsky could not help but stand up for Tushin, for which he heard words of gratitude from him: “Thank you, helped me out, my dear.”

The image of Captain Tushin is a lesson in courage. A coward will never admit that he is afraid. A truly courageous and courageous person is also afraid, but he knows that at certain moments you need to be able to overcome your fear. Another meeting of the reader with the captain will take place in the hospital, in one of the battles he will lose his arm. We will no longer meet this hero on the pages of the novel, but his sincere image will be remembered, and moral lessons will make you think about what courage is and what a real hero should be like.

Updated: 2012-03-26

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The role of the episode "Captain Tushin in the Battle of Shengraben"

in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

"War and Peace" is an epic novel, which means that it is based on historical events that are important for the whole people. One of these historical events was the Battle of Shengraben, which was attended by a simple Russian man, Captain Tushin. The episode in which his exploit is described is significant in the novel. It reflects the "people's thought", in addition, many storylines of the characters converge on these pages. For the first time, the reader, having truly recognized Tushin, begins to understand what true courage is.

Many pass their baptism of fire in the battle of Shengraben. For the first time, Prince Andrei enters the battlefield, vainly dreaming of his Toulon, and Junker Nikolai Rostov, and Captain Tushin. The captain is not shown in isolation from everyone. On the contrary, from the very beginning he is in constant communication with someone. Prince Andrei hears and sees this man all the time. It seems that there are many Tushins.

First, Tolstoy shows Tushin before the start of the battle. The author does everything so that Captain Tushin appears before us in the most unheroic, even ridiculous form: he is sitting in the scribbler's tent, taking off his boots, wearing only stockings, this artillery officer, as the author's characterization sounds, "small, dirty and thin."

On the eve of the battle, he talks about death and is the only one who honestly admits that it is scary to die. He is also distinguished by his large, intelligent and kind eyes. And Prince Andrei noticed in his "figurine", not even a figure, "something special, not at all military, somewhat comical, but extremely attractive."

But then the battle began: "the earth seemed to gasp from a terrible blow."

At first, Captain Tushin looks unheroic in battle: this “little man, with weak awkward movements,” “he looked at the French from under a small hand.” He commanded "in a thin, indecisive voice", and sometimes even "squeaked". Tushin, like Kutuzov, feels sorry for the people, he "grimaced", "screamed angrily when he saw the wounded and killed." Imperceptibly, Tushin from a timid captain turns into an enterprising military man, who, after reflecting, after consulting with his sergeant major Zakharchenko, decided that “it would be good to set fire to the village”, set it on fire, and that was what stopped the French.

“Children’s joy” awakens in him, displacing the “unpleasant feeling of fear”, and “the piece of land on which he stood was a familiar, kindred place to him”,

He lives in his "fantastic world", French guns seem to him pipes, shells - balls, the French - ants; he affectionately calls his cannon Matveevna, and he sees himself as "a huge, powerful man who throws cannonballs at the French with both hands."

Tushin immediately looks around frightened when the staff officer shouts at him, who finally got to him with the order to retreat, Tushin cannot look at the boss without fear.

What is heroism and what is courage, if the hero turns out to be a small, timid, weak man who only imagines himself to be a strong man and shy in front of his superiors.

Tushin passed the siege of Sevastopol and knew the war. He understood that everyone is afraid in war, but not everyone knows how to defeat their fear in battle, even Rostov, who ran away into the bushes during his baptism of fire, cannot be called a coward, because he is ashamed of his fear, wants to overcome it, because he was in that battle just an "unfired junker". Dolokhov is bold and fearless, only he is not a hero, because, having distinguished himself, he immediately runs to report on his “heroism”, showing the wound and saying: “Remember, Your Excellency.”

Learned to hide his fear and Prince Andrew. He considered it below his dignity to show it. He felt "a nervous tremor run down his spine", but he is too proud to panic: "I can't be afraid," he thought. Both of them, Tushin and Prince Andrei, managed to overcome their fear. And Tushin, feeling this unity, was moved to tears.

And being in front of the "terrible bosses", Tushin again became timid, he again stumbles at the sight of the frowned Bagration, he is speechless, he causes the laughter of the coward Zherkov. But the courage of Prince Andrei is the same both in battle and at headquarters, to remain silent now in front of the authorities means to humiliate his human dignity, so he will rightly say about Tushin: “We owe the success of the day most of all to the action of this battery and the heroic calmness of Captain Tushin with his company ".

So, this episode confirms Tolstoy's idea that only the people with their inherent courage and sense of duty will save Russia. The “hidden warmth of patriotism” unites everyone: Tushin and his soldiers, the arrogant Prince Andrei, later, in the battle of Borodino, Pierre Bezukhov will also feel this.