Women's images in the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" by Nekrasov - an essay on Literature. Composition “Depiction of the fate of a Russian woman in Nekrasov’s poem “Who lives well in Rus' Chapter“ Drunk Night ”
Russian woman in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”
Share you! - Russian woman's share!
Hardly harder to find.
N. A. Nekrasov
From an early age I fell in love with the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov. He served "the great purposes of the age" all his life. His muse is the sister of the destitute. Especially dear to me are poems dedicated to the hopelessness of the lot of a Russian peasant woman. It seems to me that these are the best poems of the poet, speaking about the bitter, long-suffering fate of a working woman.
No wonder you wither before the time
All-enduring Russian tribe
Long-suffering mother!
The image of a woman-worker, "sufferer, sadness", created by the poet, forever sinks into the soul. A peasant woman experienced not only social oppression, but also domestic. Here is how the poet writes about this in the poem "Frost, Red Nose": Three heavy shares had fate. And the first share: to marry a slave, the second - to be the mother of the son of a slave, and the third - to obey the slave to the grave,
In the gallery of wonderful female images, a special place is occupied by the image of Matryona Timofeevna - the heroine of the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". Popular rumor leads peasants-truth-seekers to the village of Klin. Here they hope to meet a happy peasant woman. Matrena Timofeevna herself tells them about her difficult life. How much severe suffering befell this "happy" woman! But such beauty and strength emanates from her whole appearance that it is impossible not to admire her. As she reminds me of the "type of majestic Slav", about which the poet wrote with delight: In trouble he will not be shy - he will save, He will stop the galloping Horse, He will enter the burning hut! Natural beauty and physical strength match her spiritual beauty. How quickly the happy years of childhood and girlhood flashed by. Matrena Timofeevna, according to her, was lucky in girlhood: I was lucky in girls: We had a good, non-drinking family. The family surrounded their beloved daughter with care and affection. However, the time of serene childhood quickly passed. In her seventh year, says Matrena Timofeevna, “she herself ran to the herd for a burushka, brought her father breakfast, grazed the ducklings.” So she "got used" to the matter, that for the rest of her life she busied herself tirelessly. But physical labor did not bring grief to Matryona Timofeevna. The worst thing is spiritual slavery. Matryona Timofeevna, having worked out in the field, will wash herself in the bathhouse and is ready to sing and dance: And a good worker, And a hunter to sing and dance I was from my youth. But how few bright moments in her life! One of them is an engagement to his beloved Filippushka. Matryona did not sleep all night, thinking about the upcoming marriage: she was afraid of "bondage". And yet love turned out to be stronger than fears of falling into slavery. And then, after marriage, she got "from a girl's will to hell." "Exhausting work", "mortal insults", severe misfortunes with children, separation from her husband, who was illegally recruited, and many other hardships - such is the bitter life path of Matryona Timofeevna. With pain she says about what is in her:
No broken bone
There is no stretched vein.
I am amazed at the steadfastness, the courage with which this wonderful woman endured suffering without bowing her proud head. Your heart bleeds when you read the lines of a poem about the inconsolable grief of a mother who lost her firstborn son Demushka: . The mind is ready to be clouded by a terrible misfortune. But the enormous spiritual strength helps Matryona Timofeevna to endure, return to life again and actively fight all the hardships of life. She sends angry curses to her enemies, the camper and the healer, who torment the "white body" of her son: "Villains! Executioners!" Matryona Timofeevna wants to find justice for them, but her fellow villagers do not advise her to enter into a fight with them: "God is high, the tsar is far ... We cannot find the truth." When misfortune befalls her second son, she decisively knocks down the elder Silantius, saving Fedotushka from punishment. Matryona Timofeevna is ready to endure any trials, inhuman torments in order to defend her children, her husband from everyday troubles. What tremendous willpower a woman must have to go alone on a frosty winter night dozens of miles away to a provincial town in search of the truth. “I walked all night, I didn’t meet a living soul,” Matrena Timofeevna tells the wanderers. Boundless is her love for her husband, which has withstood such a severe test. The governor, amazed by her selfless act, showed "great mercy": They sent a messenger to Klin, They found out the whole truth - Filippushka was saved. Self-esteem, which manifested itself in Matrena Timofeevna in her girlhood, helps her to go majestically through life. This feeling protects her from the impudent claims of Sitnikov, who seeks to make her his mistress. A cloud thickens in her soul anger against the enslavers. She is ready to avenge them for her grievances, I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart! she says. When grandfather Savely teaches his beloved granddaughter to endure, declaring that a peasant's heroism is in his endurance, Matrena Timofeevna remarks with irony: You are joking, grandfather! - Such a mighty hero, Guy, the mice will bite! Enormous inner strength, hatred for oppressors and the ability to protest - these are the wonderful qualities that distinguish Matrena Timofeevna. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is very close, understandable and dear to me. People like her testified to what a heroic, invincible power is hidden in the people's soul.
The poet believes that the Power of the people, the mighty Power - The conscience is calm - The truth is tenacious! Nekrasov is convinced of the mighty moral strength of the people. He believes that "the keys to women's happiness", "abandoned and lost from God himself", will be found. This belief proved to be prophetic. Our people, as the poet dreamed, entered the "broad and clear" road of life. The poet was right, arguing that "the Russian people do not need limits." Send an application with an indication of the topic right now to find out about the possibility of obtaining a consultation.
The image of a Russian woman. In Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, fuller and brighter than in other works, the main character of the great poet's work, the people, appears. Here Nekrasov draws various types of peasants, comprehensively shows their life - both in grief and in “happiness”.
One of the most striking in the poem is the image of Matrena Timofeevna, a typical Russian peasant woman, an image that embodies the features of all women of Mother Rus' with their difficult and sometimes tragic fate, but who managed to preserve their natural mind, kindness, love for their neighbors.
The images of peasant women, bred by Nekrasov in works written before the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, are incomparable with the image of Matrena Timofeevna. If earlier the poet portrayed a peasant woman as patient, downtrodden (“you are all the embodied fear, you are all age-old languor”), submissive (“submit to the grave to the slave”), now he seeks to show the birth in a Russian woman of anger, protest against inhuman conditions , the desire to get rid of humility and humility.
Matrena Timofeevna appears before us in all her grandeur: she is “severe and swarthy”, “a portly woman, broad and thick, about thirty-eight years old.” Nekrasov describes the beauty of Matrena Timofeevna with warmth and love: “... hair with gray hair, eyes large, strict, richest eyelashes ...”
A peasant woman tells the wanderers a deeply moving tale of her life. Her family “was good”, non-drinkers, everyone loved her, groomed and spoiled her. The girl grew up cheerful and hardworking, she loved nature, did not know trouble and grief.
But after the marriage of Matryona, fate turned away from her. Matryona's path was hard: the new family did not like her, everyone strove to offend her, fill her with work, and her husband did not indulge. But then she gave birth to a son, Demushka, who drove “all the anger from the soul” of the mother. Matrona calmed down: “Whatever they tell me, I work, no matter how they scold me, I keep silent.”
But trouble does not come alone. Beloved Demushka died, parents and grandfather Savely died - a man spiritually close to Matryona, her husband was almost taken into the army.
Matryona did not remain a soldier, pride woke up in her, anger and resentment at such injustice. With her own strength, the peasant woman achieved the return of her husband Philip, did not submit to fate.
After a story about the most difficult trials she endured in life, Matryona Timofeevna confesses to wanderers: “I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart ...”
Matrena Timofeevna is a worthy granddaughter of grandfather Savely, in courage and vitality she is in no way inferior to him. She does not tolerate, but acts, seeks and finds a way out of the most difficult situations. The character of this woman is a new type in the depiction of the peasantry. And although not all vices have yet been exterminated, new character traits that were not previously characteristic of the people are already appearing here. A type of peasant rebel, fighter and patriot appears.
I believe that the image of Matryona Timofeevna deepens the understanding of the life of ordinary people, shows their development, initial fearlessness and courage, combined with kindness, affection, selflessness.
The image of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways a new type of Russian peasant woman.
The image of a Russian woman, her fate occupy a special place in Nekrasov's poetry. A woman is always the main bearer of life, the embodiment of its fullness and diversity. In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'”, the largest of all chapters, “The Peasant Woman”, is devoted to understanding the female share. The image of Matrena Timofeevna embodied the features of all Russian women bound by one fate. A woman's fate is difficult, and sometimes tragic, but not bending under the blows of fate, a Russian woman remains the embodiment of wisdom, kindness and love.
Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is not young, and, probably, it was no coincidence that the poet inscribed her image in the most mature, most fertile time of nature - the harvest time. After all, age maturity implies the maintenance of life outcomes, the rethinking of the past years is a kind of harvesting.
What does Matrena Timofeevna reap? Nekrasov shows the Russian peasant woman in all her greatness:
stubborn woman,
Wide and dense
Thirty-eight years old.
Beautiful; gray hair,
Big eyes, stern
Eyelashes are the richest
Stern and swarthy.
It was to her - a sensible and strong poet who entrusted the story of the difficult female lot. This part of the poem, the only one of all, is written in the first person. But the voice of a peasant woman is the voice of the whole people, who are accustomed to expressing their feelings in song. Therefore, Matrena Timofeevna often does not talk, but sings. The entire chapter is based by the poet on folk poetic images and motifs. We see the traditional rites of peasant matchmaking, wedding cries and lamentations. We hear folk songs and the personal fate of the heroine seems to be the fate of the entire Russian people. Matrena Timofeevna lived a hard life. Happy as a girl, she took a sip of “gorushka”, having fallen “from girlish holy to hell.” Like all her contemporaries in the new family, resentment, humiliation, back-breaking work awaited her. These women had one joy - their children. So Demushka - "my handsome man drove away all the anger from the soul with an angelic smile." But Demushka died, Matryona was orphaned. Other relatives also died, the husband was under the threat of recruitment. Mat-rena Timofeevna defended him, did not become a soldier:
Thanks to the Governor
Elena Alexandrovna,
I am so grateful to her
Like a mother!
From the time the peasant woman begged for her happiness, they called her the "governor's wife", "they slandered the lucky one."
Raising children ... Isn't it a joy?
The peasants are perplexed: is it possible that they were looking for such happiness. But the courageous woman Matryona Timofeev-na does not grumble at her fate, adequately reflecting all her blows. Isn't her happiness in steadfastness of character? After all, a weak person cannot be happy, he is always dissatisfied with his fate.
Nekrasov is one of the few writers who admires in a woman not her “sweet” weakness, femininity, but the strength of character of a Russian woman, her vitality, her ability to defend her case. The image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina is one of the most vivid and capacious images of the poem, personifying the fate of Russia itself.
Essay text:
In Nekrasov's poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" more fully and brighter than in other works, the main hero of the great poet's work, the people, appears. Here Nekrasov draws various types of peasants, comprehensively shows their life both in grief and in "happiness".
One of the most striking in the poem is the image of Matrena Timofeevna, a typical Russian peasant woman, an image that embodies the features of all women of Mother Rus' with their difficult and sometimes tragic fate, but who managed to preserve their natural mind, kindness, love for their neighbors.
The images of peasant women, bred by Nekrasov in works written before the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'", are incomparable with the image of Matrena Timofeevna. If earlier the poet portrayed a peasant woman as patient, slaughtering (“you are all embodied fear, you are all age-old languor”), submissive (“submit to a slave to the grave”), now he seeks to show the birth in a Russian woman of anger, protest against inhuman conditions, desire get rid of humility and humility.
Matrena Timofeevna appears before us in all her grandeur: she is "severe and swarthy", "a portly woman, wide and thick, about thirty-eight years old." Nekrasov describes the beauty of Matrena Timofeevna with warmth and love: "... hair with gray hair, eyes large, strict, eyelashes rich ..."
A peasant woman tells the wanderers a deeply moving tale of her life. Her family "was good", non-drinkers, everyone loved her, groomed and spoiled her. The girl grew up cheerful and hardworking, she loved nature, did not know trouble and grief.
But after the marriage of Matryona, fate turned away from her. Matryona's path was hard: the new family did not like her, everyone strove to offend her, fill her with work, and her husband did not indulge. But then she gave birth to a son, Demushka, who drove "all the anger from the soul" of the mother. Matrona calmed down: "No matter what they tell me, I work, no matter how they scold me, I keep silent."
But trouble does not come alone. Beloved Demushka died, parents and grandfather Saveliy, a man spiritually close to Matryona, died, her husband was almost taken into the army.
Matryona did not remain a soldier, pride woke up in her, anger and resentment at such injustice. With her own strength, the peasant woman achieved the return of her husband Philip, did not submit to fate.
After a story about the hardest trials she endured in life, Matrena Timofeevna confesses to wanderers: "I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart ..."
Matrena Timofeevna is a worthy granddaughter of grandfather Savely, in courage and vitality she is in no way inferior to him. She does not tolerate, but acts, seeks and finds a way out of the most difficult situations. The character of this woman is a new type in the depiction of the peasantry. And although not all vices have yet been exterminated, new character traits that were not previously characteristic of the people are already appearing here. The type of peasant rebel, fighter and patriot appears.
I believe that the image of Matryona Timofeevna deepens the understanding of the life of ordinary people, shows their development, initial fearlessness and courage, combined with kindness, affection, selflessness.
The image of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways a new type of Russian peasant woman.
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The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" N.A. Nekrasov devotes to the symbolic search for a happy person in Rus'. The seven main characters, wandering, learn about the life of different sections of the Russian population: the clergy, landlords, peasants. But the special theme of Nekrasov's work is the fate of the Russian peasant woman.
Nekrasov shows the life of a Russian woman in its entirety - from childhood to the moment when she meets the seekers of happiness. So, the peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna tells everything without concealment about her life.
This long story begins with a description of a carefree childhood. Matrena was born and grew up in a good family. Her parents understood and pitied her, the brothers woke her up with a song and helped in her work so that her beloved sister could sleep longer:
Sleep, dear little one,
Sleep, save power!
The next chapter is not accidentally called "Songs", since it is songs that play a special role in describing the life of a Russian woman. The songs that are sung here are folk songs, people put their thoughts and feelings into them. Therefore, it is in them that the whole tragedy of the life of peasant women is clearly reflected.
Matrena Timofeevna was endowed with restrained beauty, self-esteem, and enjoyed universal respect. However, despite this, her life was typical for most peasant women. And Nekrasov shows how terrible this fate was.
Matryona got married and began to live in her husband's house, where the whole burden of peasant labor fell on her shoulders: cleaning the house, serving her husband's sister and parents, working in the field, raising children. When the time came and her first child was born, he became a hindrance to work. Then the mother-in-law demanded that Matryona leave her son with old grandfather Savely. And the grandfather dozed off and overlooked how the pig bit the little Demushka. This did not happen out of malice, so Matryona forgave her grandfather, and they grieved together at the boy's grave.
But the poor peasant woman had to come to terms not only with the death of her son, whose death was terrible and painful! She also had to be present at the autopsy of the child: the unfortunate mother begged not to torment Demushka's body, but she had no right to her opinion, and she was only tied. To not interfere.
However, Matryona's trials did not end there either, she had to overcome several more rather difficult moments, which clearly make us understand that her life was far from happy.
Once the second son of Matryona took pity on the hungry she-wolf and threw her the already bitten sheep. For this, the headman decided to punish little Fedotushka, but his mother, not stooping to ask for forgiveness, endured all the pain of the public punishment that her son was to undergo. And only the next day she cried out her grief over the river.
When the "difficult year" came. Matryona survived not only hunger and physical suffering, but also the news that her husband was being taken to military service. Naturally, she did not want to become a "soldier", and this time Matryona decided to fight for her happiness: she turned to the governor's wife for help, and she helped a poor peasant woman and soon even became the godmother of Matryona Timofeevna's child. After this incident, Matryona began to be called happy.
But is it really happiness to endure all the hardships and humiliations, to find the strength in yourself to ask for help?
For Nekrasov, a Russian woman is a symbol of life and national identity. His muse is the “sister” of a peasant woman, therefore, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, the fate of a Russian woman is unfolded into a whole story. The image of Matryona Timofeevna occupies a worthy place among the portraits of Russian women depicted by the poet.