Examples of inequality in society. Social inequality: excessive polarization of society threatens the security of the country

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STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

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Department UP-1

Sociology homework

"SOCIAL INEQUALITY, ITS CAUSES AND TYPES"

Student: ……………………

080504 - State and municipal administration

1 course, gr. UP-1

Checked:

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Introduction ……………………………………………………………………..….. 3

1. The essence of social inequality…………………………………..………..4

2. Causes of social inequality…………………………………………...5

3. Modern types of inequality ………………………………………..……….8

Conclusion……………………………………………………………...………..11

References……………………………………………………………..12

INTRODUCTION

The formation of the "New Russia" markedly changed social relations, social institutions, gave rise to new forms of social differentiation and inequality.

Discussions about social inequality, its content and the criteria for its emergence have a long history. The problem of social inequality, taking into account the values ​​of traditional society, appears in the works of Aristotle, Plato, Tacitus.

In my opinion, in the modern world, indicators characterizing social inequality should be continuously monitored and evaluated. This is necessary for one reason - the degree of social inequality may exceed some acceptable limits. Exceeding the permissible degree of inequality leads to a large difference in the standard of living of certain status groups of society, which can be regarded as discrimination, infringement of certain groups of the population. This fact often leads to the emergence of social tension in society, exacerbates social conflicts.

The object of my research is society, and the subject is the study of inequality.

Since my essay is devoted to the problem of inequality in society, my task is to determine the essence and causes of social inequality, as well as to consider the types of social inequality.

1. THE ESSENCE OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY

To begin with, I would like to define what the term “inequality” means? In general terms, inequality means that people live in conditions in which they have unequal access to material and spiritual consumption resources. And the inequality between groups of people is characterized by the concept of "social stratification".

When considering the problem of social inequality, it is fair to proceed from the theory of socio-economic heterogeneity of labor. It is the socio-economic heterogeneity of labor that is the consequence and cause of the appropriation by some people of power, property, prestige and the absence of all these signs of “advancement” in the social hierarchy among others. Each of the groups develops and relies on its own values ​​and norms, and if they are placed according to a hierarchical principle, then they are social strata.

In social stratification there is a tendency to inherit positions. The operation of the principle of inheritance of positions leads to the fact that not all capable and educated individuals have equal chances to occupy positions of power, high principles, and well-paid positions. There are two selection mechanisms at work here: unequal access to truly high-quality education; unequal opportunities for obtaining positions by equally trained individuals.

I would like to note that the inequality of the position of different groups of people can be traced throughout the history of civilization. Even in a primitive society, age and sex, combined with physical strength, were an important criterion for stratification.

2. CAUSES OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY

The basis of the reason for the unequal position of people in society, some representatives of sociological thought, consider the social division of labor. However, scientists explain in different ways the ensuing consequences and, especially, the reasons for the reproduction of inequality.

Herbert Spencer believes that the source of inequality is conquest. Thus, the ruling class - the winners, and the lower class - the vanquished. Prisoners of war become slaves, free farmers become serfs. On the other hand, frequent or constant wars lead to the deliberate dominance of those who function in the state and military sphere. Thus, the law of natural selection operates: the stronger dominate and occupy a privileged position, while the weak obey them and are on the lower rungs of the social ladder.

The development of the sociology of inequality, the idea of ​​evolution and the law of natural selection had a significant impact. One of the directions of evolutionism is social Darwinism. Common to all representatives of this trend was the recognition that the same struggle is going on between human societies as between biological organisms.

Ludwig Gumplovich is convinced that the cause of any social movement is economic motives. The means for realizing these interests are violence and coercion. States arise as a result of military clashes between races. The winners become the elite (the ruling class), while the losers become the masses.

William Sumner is the most influential social Darwinist. He uniquely interpreted in his writings the ideas of Protestant ethics and the principle of natural selection. He most clearly manifested the ideology of social Darwinism in his writings of the 70s. Since evolution does not occur at the will of people, it is therefore stupid and absurd to design models of society, Sumner believed. The struggle for existence and survival is a natural law of nature that does not need to be changed. And capitalism is the only healthy system, the rich are a product of natural selection.

Karl Marx believed that initially the division of labor does not lead to the subordination of some people to others, but, being a factor in the mastery of natural resources, causes professional specialization. But the complication of the production process contributes to the division of labor into physical and mental. This division historically preceded the formation of private property and classes. With their appearance, certain areas, types and functions of activity are assigned to the corresponding classes. Since then, each class has been engaged in the kind of activity intended for it, owns or does not own property, and is located on different rungs of the ladder of social positions. The causes of inequality lie in the system of production, in a different relationship to the means of production, which allows those who own property not only to exploit those who do not have it, but also to dominate them. To eliminate inequality, the expropriation of private property and its nationalization is necessary.

Subsequently, within the framework of the conflict theory, R. Dahrendorf, R. Michels, C.R. Mills et al. began to view inequality as the result of the conditions under which people who control such social values ​​as wealth and power derive benefits and advantages for themselves. In any case, social stratification is seen as a condition of social tension and conflict.

Proponents of structural functionalism, following Emile Durkheim, identify two causes of social inequality

Hierarchy of activities Degree of talent

in a society of individuals

Decisive for the formation of modern ideas about the essence, forms and functions of social inequality, along with Marx, was Max Weber (1864 - 1920) - a classic of world sociological theory. The ideological basis of Weber's views is that the individual is the subject of social action.

In contrast to Marx, Weber, in addition to the economic aspect of stratification, took into account such aspects as power and prestige. Weber viewed property, power, and prestige as three separate, interacting factors that underlie hierarchies in any society. Differences in ownership give rise to economic classes; differences of power give rise to political parties, and differences of prestige give rise to status groupings or strata. From here he formulated his idea of ​​"three autonomous dimensions of stratification." He emphasized that "classes", "status groups" and "parties" are phenomena related to the distribution of power within the community.

Weber's main contradiction with Marx is that, according to Weber, a class cannot be the subject of action, since it is not a community. In contrast to Marx, Weber associated the concept of class only with capitalist society, where the market is the most important regulator of relations. Through it, people satisfy their needs for material goods and services.

However, in the market people occupy different positions or are in different “class situations”. Here everyone sells and buys. Some sell goods, services; others - the labor force. The difference here is that some people own property and others don't. Weber does not have a clear class structure of capitalist society, so different interpreters of his work give inconsistent lists of classes.

Taking into account his methodological principles and summarizing his historical, economic and sociological works, one can reconstruct Weber's typology of classes under capitalism as follows:

Working class dispossessed. It offers on the market

their services and differentiated by skill level.

petty bourgeoisie- a class of small businessmen and merchants.

Dispossessed White Collar Workers: technical specialists and intellectuals.

Administrators and managers.

Owners who also strive through education for the advantages possessed by intellectuals.

5.1 Owner class, i.e. those who receive rent from land ownership,

mines, etc.

5.2 “Commercial class”, i.e. entrepreneurs.

3. MODERN INEQUALITIES

3.1. Poverty as a type of inequality (consider the period when changes in this area were especially noticeable)

The phenomenon of poverty became the subject of research in modern Russian sociology in the early 1990s. During the Soviet period, the concept of poverty in relation to Soviet people was not used in domestic science. In socio-economic literature, the category of low income received official recognition, which was revealed within the framework of the theory of welfare and socialist distribution.

Today, an important characteristic of society is its social polarization, stratification into rich and poor. In 1994 per capita cash ratio income of 10% of the richest and 10% of the poorest Russians was 1:9, and already in the first quarter of 1995 - almost 1:15. However, these figures do not take into account those 5% of the super-rich population, for which statistics do not have data.

According to official statistics, for 1993-1996. number of unemployed increased from 3.6 million to 6.5 million (including those officially registered with the state employment service - from 577.7 thousand people to 2506 thousand).

Working-age population amounted to 83,767 thousand in 1994, 84,059 thousand in 1995, 84,209 thousand in 1996, 84,337 thousand in 1997, and 84,781 thousand in 1998. Human.

Economically active population in 1994 it was 73,962.4 thousand, in 1995 - 72,871.9 thousand, in 1996 - 73,230.0 thousand, in 1997 - 72,819 thousand people.

Population with cash incomes below the subsistence level is 30.7 million or 20.8% of the population of the Russian Federation. IN

In 1997, the 10% of the wealthiest population accounted for 31.7% of cash income, while the share of the 10% of the poorest population accounted for only 2.4%, i.e. 13.2 times less.

According to official statistics, the number of unemployed in 1994 was 5478.0 thousand, in 1995 - 6431.0 thousand, in 1996 - 7280.0 thousand, in 1997 - 8180.3 thousand .

3.2.Deprivation as a kind of inequality.

Deprivation should be understood as any condition that generates or can generate in an individual or group a sense of their own deprivation in comparison with other individuals (or groups). Five types of deprivation can be distinguished.

Economic deprivation.

It stems from the uneven distribution of income in society and the limited satisfaction of the needs of some individuals and groups. The degree of economic deprivation is assessed according to objective and subjective criteria. An individual who, according to objective criteria, is economically quite prosperous and even enjoys privileges, may, nevertheless, experience a subjective feeling of deprivation. For the emergence of religious movements, the subjective feeling of deprivation is the most important factor.

Social deprivation.

It is explained by the tendency of society to evaluate the qualities and abilities of some individuals and groups higher than others, expressing this assessment in the distribution of such social rewards as prestige, power, high status in society and the corresponding opportunities for participation in social life.

Ethical deprivation.

It is associated with a value conflict that arises when the ideals of individual individuals or groups do not coincide with the ideals of society. Often the value conflict arises due to the presence of contradictions in the social organization. Such conflicts between society and intellectuals are known.

Mental deprivation.

It arises as a result of the formation of a value vacuum in an individual or group - the absence of a significant system of values, in accordance with which they could build their lives. The usual reaction to mental deprivation is the search for new values, new faith, meaning and purpose of existence. Mental deprivation manifests itself, first of all, in a feeling of despair, alienation, in a state of anomie, arising from objective states of deprivation (social, economic or organismic). It often results in actions aimed at eliminating objective forms of deprivation.

Conclusion

In its most general form, inequality means that people live in conditions in which they have unequal access to limited resources of material and spiritual consumption. To describe the system of inequality between groups of people in sociology, the concept of “social stratification” is widely used.

When considering the problem of social inequality, it is quite justified to proceed from the theory of socio-economic heterogeneity of labor. Performing qualitatively unequal types of labor, satisfying social needs to varying degrees, people sometimes find themselves engaged in economically heterogeneous labor, because such types of labor have a different assessment of their social utility.

It is the socio-economic heterogeneity of labor that is not only a consequence, but also the reason for the appropriation by some people of power, property, prestige and the absence of all these signs of “advancement” in the social hierarchy among others.

In social stratification tends to inherit positions. The operation of the principle of inheritance of positions leads to the fact that not all capable and educated individuals have equal chances to occupy positions of power, high principles, and well-paid positions.

Social stratification has a traditional character, since, with the historical mobility of form, its essence, i.e., the inequality of the position of different groups of people, is preserved throughout the history of civilization. Even in primitive societies, age and sex, combined with physical strength, were important criteria for stratification.

Considering the dissatisfaction of members of society with the existing system of distribution of power, property and conditions for individual development, one must still keep in mind the universality of people's inequality.

Bibliography

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Zborovsky G. E. Orlov G. P. Sociology. M., 1995.

Komarov M.S. Introduction to sociology. M., 1995.

Komarov. M.S. Social stratification and social structure. Sociol. research 1992, No. 7.

Brief Dictionary of Sociology. - M.: Politizdat, 1988

Losev A. F. History of ancient aesthetics T II Sophists Socrates. Plato. M., 1969

Fundamentals of political science: a course of lectures. Textbook for universities / N. Sazonov, B. Reshetnyak and others - M., 1993.

The subject and structure of sociological science, sociological research, 1981. No.-1. p. 90.

Sociology. Textbook for higher educational institutions. G.V. Osipov, A.V. Kabyshcha, M.R. Tulchinsky and others - M .: Nauka, 1995.

Sociology: General Course: Textbook for High Schools.-M.: PER SE; Logos, 2000.

Sociology: Workshop. Comp. and resp. ed. A. V. Mironov, R. I. Rudenko. M., 1993.

The structure of social stratification and trends in social mobility // American Sociology / Per. from English. V.V. Voronina and E.E. Zinkovsky. M.: Progress, 1972. S. 235-247.

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Sociology: textbook / Ed. N.D. Kazakova. – M.: MGUPI, 2008. – 120 p.

In this statement, I. Sherr raises the problem of the naturalness of social inequality. In other words, the author considers the state of society to be absolutely organic, in which some individuals have wider access to benefits than the rest of the society.

I fully share this thesis. Indeed, society consists of many social strata that are distinguished in the process of social stratification.

There are many criteria for dividing society into layers, but it is necessary to remember, first of all, the four main ones - income, power, education and prestige.

In addition, there are historical types of stratification, many of which have fixed social inequality for centuries. Basically, there are four of them. The first type - the slave system - is characterized by the fact that a certain part of society (slaves) was a "thing" of other people. The second type - the caste system - was based on religious principles and traditions and fixed hereditary affiliation to a caste without any opportunity to use the social elevator (curry in the war, marry a representative of a higher caste). The next type - the estate system - had the coercive apparatus of state power as a support, fixing the legal status of a particular estate in official documents. This type allowed in exceptional cases to "increase" the privilege of one's status.

Fortunately, social progress has led us to an open system of stratification - class. In this system, individuals were able to move freely to another social stratum. The basis of the division between classes is the form and size of a person's income. Therefore, they distinguish the class of proletarians (wage workers who receive wages) and the bourgeoisie (the class of entrepreneurs who make a profit, including from the exploitation of wage labor). As we can see, even in open stratification systems, social inequality is observed: individuals who put a lot of effort into working with social lifts (education, career, service) are higher on the social ladder than less active members of society. It should be mentioned that the intensity and speed of social mobility in modern societies is much higher than in the historical types described above.

Examples of social inequality can be easily found in classical literature. For example, in Jack London's novel Martin Eden, the protagonist makes a long social journey from a poor sailor to a rich writer, helping his impoverished friends to increase their income along the way. Having obtained a "ticket to high society", the hero realizes that rich people are not always complacent and people who are poor in prosperity were much more kind to him. This is also a kind of "stratification according to morality", but it is already outside the scope of the course of social science.

Sometimes social inequality reaches threatening scales for society. The newspaper "Russian Reporter" recently published an analytical article about the country of Zimbabwe, showing depressing economic performance. It is worth noting that this country has withdrawn the national currency from circulation. The high level of corruption and crime allows officials and some businessmen to receive fabulous incomes, while more than half of the people are officially unemployed. This example shows us that even the natural state of society, manifested in inequality, needs to be controlled so that society does not turn into chaos.

Thus, the problem of the naturalness of social inequality is relevant to this day, having a scientific and factual justification. And I hope that society will be "unequal" where necessary!

Updated: 2017-07-10

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Aspects of inequality

Inequality in human society is one of the topical objects of sociological research. Its reasons also lie in several main aspects.

Inequality initially implies different opportunities and unequal access to available social and material goods. Among these benefits are the following:

1. Income - represents a certain amount of money that a person receives per unit of time. Often, income is directly wages that are paid for the labor produced by a person and the physical or mental strength expended. In addition to labor, it can also be the ownership of property that “works”. Thus, the lower the income of a person, the lower he is in the hierarchy of society;
2. Education is a complex of knowledge, skills and abilities acquired by a person during his stay in educational institutions. The level of education is measured by the number of years of education. They can range from 9 years (junior high school). For example, a professor may have more than 20 years of education behind him, respectively, he will be much higher in level than a person who has completed 9 classes;
3. Power - the ability of an individual to impose his worldview, point of view on the wider population, regardless of their desire. The level of power is measured by the number of people to whom it extends;
4. Prestige is a position in society and its assessment, which has developed on the basis of public opinion.

Causes of social inequality

For a long time, many researchers have wondered whether a society can exist in principle if there is no inequality or hierarchy in it. In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand the causes of social inequality.

Different approaches interpret this phenomenon and its causes in different ways. Let's analyze the most influential and famous.

Remark 1

Functionalism explains the phenomenon of inequality based on the diversity of social functions. These functions are inherent in different layers, classes and communities.

The functioning and development of social relations are possible only under the condition of the division of labor. In this situation, each social group carries out the solution of tasks that are vital for the entire society. Some are engaged in the creation and production of material goods, while the activities of others are aimed at creating spiritual values. We also need a control layer that will control the activities of the first two - hence the third follows.

For the successful functioning of society, a combination of all three of the above types of human activity is simply necessary. Some are the most important, and some are the least. Thus, on the basis of function hierarchies, a hierarchy of classes and layers that perform them is formed.

Status explanation of social inequality. It is based on observations of the actions and behavior of specific individuals. As we understand, every person who occupies a certain place in society automatically acquires his status. Hence the opinion that social inequality is, first of all, inequality of statuses. It follows both from the ability of individuals to fulfill a certain role, and from the possibilities that allow a person to achieve a certain position in society.

In order for an individual to perform a particular social role, he needs to have certain skills, abilities and qualities (to be competent, sociable, to have the appropriate knowledge and skills to be a teacher, engineer). Opportunities that allow a person to achieve a particular position in society are, for example, in the ownership of property, capital, origin from a well-known and wealthy family, belonging to a high class or political forces.

An Economic Perspective on the Causes of Social Inequality. In accordance with this daughter of view, the main cause of social inequality lies in the unequal attitude to property, the distribution of material wealth. This approach manifested itself most clearly under Marxism, when it was the emergence of private property that led to the social stratification of society and the formation of antagonistic classes.

Problems of social inequality

Social inequality is a very common phenomenon, and therefore, like many other manifestations in society, it faces a number of problems.

First, the problems of inequality arise simultaneously in two of the most developed areas of society: in the public and economic spheres.

When we talk about the problems of inequality in the public sphere, it is worth mentioning the following manifestations of instability:

1. Uncertainty in one's future, as well as in the stability of the position in which the individual is now;
2. Suspension of production due to dissatisfaction on the part of various segments of the population, which leads to a lack of production for the rest;
3. The growth of social tension, which can lead to such consequences as unrest, social conflicts;
4. The absence of real social elevators that will allow you to move up the social ladder both from the bottom up and vice versa - from the top down;
5. Psychological pressure due to the feeling of unpredictability of the future, the lack of clear forecasts for further development.

In the economic sphere, the problems of social inequality are expressed as follows: an increase in government spending on the production of certain goods or services, a partially unfair distribution of income (not those who really work and use their physical strength receive, but those who invest more money), respectively, from here There is another significant problem - unequal access to resources.

Remark 2

The peculiarity of the problem of inequality of access to resources lies in the fact that it is both a cause and a consequence of modern social inequality.

Social inequality appeared in primitive tribes and intensified at subsequent stages of the development of society.

In modern society, large social groups are distinguished, differing in income (wealth), level of education, profession and nature of work. They are called classes, social strata.

In society, there is a social division into groups of the rich (upper class), prosperous (middle class), poor (lower class).

The rich, the upper class include those who own large property, money. They are on the top rung of the social "ladder", receive large incomes, have large property (oil companies, commercial banks, etc.). A person can become rich thanks to talent and hard work, inheritance, and a successful career.

Between the rich and the poor is the middle class of wealthy people, provided with money. They maintain a decent standard of living that allows them to satisfy all reasonable needs (purchase high-quality food, expensive clothes, housing).

The poor - the lower class - receive the minimum income in the form of wages, pensions, stipends, social benefits. This money can be used to purchase only the smallest amount of necessities of life necessary to maintain the health and life of a person (food, clothing, etc.).

Imagine that all people are socially equal. Universal equality deprives people of incentives to move forward, the desire to apply their maximum efforts and abilities to fulfill their duties (people will consider that they receive no more for their work than they would receive if they did nothing all day).

Inequality between people exists in any society. This is quite natural and logical, given that people differ in their abilities, interests, life preferences, value orientations, etc.

In every society, there are poor and rich, educated and uneducated, enterprising and unenterprising, those in power and those without it.

In this regard, the problem of the origin of social inequality, attitudes towards it and ways to eliminate it has always aroused increased interest, not only among thinkers and politicians, but also among ordinary people who consider social inequality as an injustice.

In the history of social thought, the inequality of people was explained in different ways: by the initial inequality of souls, divine providence, imperfection of human nature, functional necessity by analogy with the body.

The German economist K. Marx associated social inequality with the emergence of private property and the struggle of interests of various classes and social groups.

The German sociologist R. Dahrendorf also believed that the economic and status inequality underlying the ongoing conflict of groups and classes and the struggle for the redistribution of power and status is formed as a result of the market mechanism for regulating supply and demand.

The Russian-American sociologist P. Sorokin explained the inevitability of social inequality by the following factors: internal biopsychic differences of people; the environment (natural and social), which objectively puts individuals in an unequal position; the joint collective life of individuals, which requires the organization of relations and behavior, which leads to the stratification of society into the ruled and the managers.

The American sociologist T. Pearson explained the existence of social inequality in every society by the presence of a hierarchized system of values. For example, in American society, success in business and career is considered the main social value, therefore, scientists of technological specialties, plant directors, etc., have a higher status and income, while in Europe the dominant value is “preservation of cultural patterns”, due to what society gives special prestige to humanities intellectuals, clergymen, university professors.

Social inequality, being inevitable and necessary, manifests itself in all societies at all stages of historical development; only the forms and degree of social inequality change historically. Otherwise, individuals would lose the incentive to engage in complex and laborious, dangerous or uninteresting activities, to improve their skills. With the help of inequality in income and prestige, society encourages individuals to engage in necessary, but difficult and unpleasant professions, encourages more educated and talented people, and so on.

The problem of social inequality is one of the most acute and topical in modern Russia. A feature of the social structure of Russian society is a strong social polarization - the division of the population into poor and rich in the absence of a significant middle stratum, which is the basis of an economically stable and developed state. Strong social stratification, characteristic of modern Russian society, reproduces a system of inequality and injustice, in which the opportunities for independent self-realization in life and raising social status are limited for a fairly large part of the Russian population.

I welcome everyone! This article is devoted to the most acute topic - social inequality in modern Russia. Who among us has not wondered why some people are rich and others are poor; why do some people survive from water to compote, while others drive Bentleys and don’t care about anything? I am sure that this topic worried you, dear reader! It doesn't matter how old you are. There is always a peer who is luckier, happier, richer, better dressed…. etc. What is the reason? What are the scales of social inequality in contemporary Russia? Read on and find out.

The concept of social inequality

Social inequality is the unequal access of people to social, economic and other benefits. By good we mean that (things, services, etc.) that a person considers useful for himself (a purely economic definition). You must understand that this concept is closely related to the term that we wrote about earlier.

Society is designed in such a way that people have unequal access to goods. The reasons for this state of affairs are varied. One of them is the limited resources for the production of goods. There are over 6 billion people on Earth today, and everyone wants to eat deliciously and sleep sweetly. And food, land, in the end, becomes extremely scarce and scarce.

It is clear that the geographical factor also plays a role. Russia, for all its territory, has only 140 million people, and the population is rapidly declining. But for example in Japan - 120 million - this is on four islands. With wildly limited resources, the Japanese live well: they build artificial land. China, with a population of over a billion people, also, in principle, lives well. Such examples seem to refute the thesis that the more people, the less benefits and inequality should be greater.

In fact, it is influenced by many other factors: the culture of a given society, work ethic, the social responsibility of the state, the development of industry, the development of monetary relations and financial institutions, etc.

In addition, social inequality is strongly influenced by natural inequality. For example, a person was born without legs. Or lost his legs and arms. Here is an example of how this individual:

Of course, he lives abroad - and in principle, I think he lives well. But in Russia, I think he would not have survived. In our country, people with hands and feet are dying of hunger, and social services do not need anyone at all. So the social responsibility of the state is extremely important in smoothing out inequality.

Very often in my classes I heard from people that if they get sick more or less seriously, then the company in which they work offers them to quit. And they can't do anything. They don't even know how to protect their rights. And if they knew, then these companies would “hit” a decent amount and the next time they would think a hundred times whether it is worth doing this with their employees. That is, the legal illiteracy of the population can be a factor of social inequality.

It is important to understand that when studying this phenomenon, sociologists use the so-called multidimensional models: they evaluate people according to several criteria. These include: income, education, power, prestige, etc.

Thus, this concept covers many different aspects. And if you are writing an essay on social studies on this topic, then disclose these aspects!

Social inequality in Russia

Our country is one of those in which social inequality is manifested to the highest degree. There is a very big difference between the rich and the poor. For example, when I was still a volunteer, a volunteer from Germany came to Perm. Who does not know, in Germany, instead of serving in the army, you can volunteer for a year in any country. So, they put him to live in a family for a year. A day later, the German volunteer left. Because, according to him, even by the standards of Germany, this is a chic life: a chic apartment, etc. He cannot live in such chic conditions when he sees that the homeless and beggars are asking for alms on the streets of the city.

Plus, in our country, social inequality manifests itself in an extremely large form in relation to different professions. A school teacher receives 25,000 rubles for one and a half rates, God forbid, and some painter can receive all 60,000 rubles, the salary of a crane operator starts from 80,000 rubles, a gas welder - from 50,000 rubles.

Most scientists see the reason for such social inequality in the fact that in our country there is a transformation of the social system. It broke down in 1991, overnight, along with the state. A new one has not been built. Therefore, we are dealing with such a social inequality.

You can find other examples of social inequality and. And that's all for today - until new publications! Don't forget to like!

Sincerely, Andrey Puchkov