Why does Chatsky feel lonely. Is Chatsky alone? in comedy Woe from Wit

The concept of "loneliness" has always gone along with such words as "special", "unique" or "new". Our life in society is to blame, or rather, the strength of this society. On the one hand, being part of a large organism is a protection that is so important for each of us. But, on the other hand, it is in society that we "freeze", stop developing. After all, it is very important to be like everyone else. If you start to stand out, you will question your reputation. It is these things that Griboyedov is trying to convey to us in his work “Woe from Wit”.

This "public" comedy shows us, using the example of Chatsky, how difficult it is to bring something new into the world.

The author presents us with the main character as an ideal person. He rewarded Chatsky with all those character traits that must certainly be present in every personality. This is his opinion on everything that happens in the world, and the desire to fight for a new order. The hero is imbued with a feeling of love for the people and a thirst to go against the feudal system that poisons people. Chatsky is a man with a big and generous soul, who is able to love as sincerely and purely as it happens in the most delightful stories.

Griboyedov created a "new man". And this already means that he is not the same as those people who are in society. Therefore, it is a “stranger” and there is no place for it.

The main idea of ​​the work is to show the confrontation between Chatsky and Famusovsky world. The hero comes into this world not to become a part of it, but to denounce the old order, which is so deeply rooted in the hearts of people. Chatsky condemns the morals that have become the basis of life, serfdom. The author showed him as a strong man, courageous, ready to fight to the end for his ideals and principles.

Chatsky is lonely because millet is incompatible with the society that surrounds him. He is trying to change something, but sometimes there are things that are not so easy to overthrow and create in a new way. Chatsky and the Famus society... There can be no compromise here. For Chatsky to give up his beliefs is to give up himself and become a gray person in the same gray crowd. And for the Famus world, this is just a madman who is not given much importance.

Like any person who decides to go against the system, our hero is left completely alone. Nobody understands him. The outcast path is the only way out. After all, two such different worlds simply cannot exist side by side.

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27. Why M.Yu. Lermontov calls his love for the motherland strange?

Love for the motherland is a special feeling, it is inherent in every person, but at the same time it is very individual. Is it possible to consider it "weird"? It seems to me that here it is rather about how the poet, who spoke about the “unusualness” of his love for his homeland, perceives “ordinary” patriotism, that is, the desire to see the virtues, positive features inherent in his country and people.

Many works of M. Yu. Lermontov are also filled with love for the Motherland. His feeling for the Motherland is ambiguous and even painful, since there are things that contradict his human nature. Lermontov's love is sincere, but at the same time contradictory. So, in the poem "Motherland", written in 1841, he admits: "I love my homeland, but with a strange love!" What is this "strangeness"? The poet coldly speaks of royal glory, bought with the blood of the people. He loves in his homeland its nature, its breadth and boundlessness. He loves the village of his day, because it still has a patriarchal nature that is dear to his heart, which has been preserved, perhaps at the cost of poverty. And if there is prosperity (“full threshing floor”, “hut covered with straw”), then this causes a feeling of joy in the poet. Simple hard-working people live here, not indifferent to beauty (“windows with carved shutters”), who know how not only to work, but also to have fun. Ordinary people know how to give themselves entirely to work and the holiday. The poet loves the countryside, because in it people live in harmony with nature, with each other and with God. This way of life has almost disappeared from urban life, where there are so few real people who know how to work and enjoy life.

Lermontov conveys his love for the Motherland with epithets:

... But I love - for what, I don’t know myself -

Her steppes are cold silence,

Her boundless forests sway,

The floods of her rivers, like the seas,

On a country road I like to ride in a cart

And, with a slow gaze piercing the shadow of the night.

Meet around, sighing about an overnight stay,

The trembling lights of sad villages...

These epithets are discreet and simple, but how much deep feeling and meaning are in them, how much figurativeness. This landscape, given at the beginning of the poem, appears as if from a bird's eye view. Such is the power of Lermontov's creative imagination.

Of course, Lermontov creates his own image of the motherland. In his poems, she appears both in her heroic past, and in the grandeur of her boundless expanses, and in the poet's bitter thoughts about lawlessness and spiritual slavery.

Lermontov's love for the Motherland can be expressed in one line: "But I love - for what, I don't know myself." Yes, his love and deep affection for his homeland is "strange". Being a secular man and for the most part communicating with people from the highest circle, he, nevertheless, aspired with his soul to Russia of the people, he saw in it mighty forces, a moral basis.

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The fruits of "malice" in the comedy D.I. Fonvizin and in our days

When the playwright began writing The Undergrowth, the word in the title did not mean anything bad. Undergrowths were called teenagers under 15 years old, that is, the age determined by Peter1 for entering the service. In 1736, the period of stay in the "undergrowth" was extended to 20 years. The decree on the liberty of the nobility abolished the mandatory term of service and granted the nobles the right to serve or not to serve, but confirmed the compulsory education introduced under Peter1. What and how to teach, the question remained open.

The title character is Mitrofan Terentyevich Prostakov (Mitrofanushka) - a minor, the son of the landowners Prostakov. He is 15 years old. Fonvizin's comedy is a play about an undergrowth, about his monstrous upbringing, which turns a teenager into a cruel and lazy creature. Prostakova follows the law, although she does not approve of it. She also knows that many, including those in her family, circumvent the law. Mitrofanushka has been studying for four years, but Prostakova wants to keep him with her for ten years.

The reason for "malice" is the moral consequence of Catherine's law "On the Liberty of the Nobles", published on February 18, 1762. Once Peter1 legalized the obligatory service of the nobles and this became a moral and legal justification for the landowners who had serfs. The nobleman served the state and the fatherland, the peasant nobleman; cruel landlords had to be guarded. Catherine's decree formally freed the nobleman from the obligation to serve the state; and, although the sovereign's service was still considered an honorable duty of the nobility, a matter of honor, nevertheless, the moral right of a nobleman to own peasants became doubtful, unlike nobles like Starodum, Pravdin and Milon and in contradiction with the formal meaning of the decree, most of the nobility understood it in the spirit Prostakova - as complete and fatherless power over the serfs without any moral, social, social and other restrictions.

Thus, the reason for Prostakova's "malice" is a misconception about the "liberty" of the nobility, not subject to moral standards. In the denouement of the comedy, Prostakova is defeated. Its collapse is the defeat of the entire previous "system" of education and the guarantee of the victory of new ideas proclaimed by positive characters. The last words of Prostakova "stand", as P.A. said. Vyazemsky, "On the boundary of comedy and tragedy." But with the personal tragedy of Prostakova, Fonvizin connected the coming triumph of a new morality, which excludes “malice” because of everyday life and is based on the benefit of the fatherland.

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29. “It’s a shame to me, since the word“ honor ”is forgotten ...” (V. Vysotsky)

The lines written by V. Vysotsky "It's a pity ... the word" honor "is forgotten ..." today, more than ever, relevant. The concept of "honor" has lost its meaning for modern man.

Starting from afar, people first came up with the exchange of goods, thus making up for the lack of what they needed to lead a normal life. The XVIII century was marked by the fact that the process of destruction of the walls between the estates began.

The amount of money began to increase, and gradually everything began to turn into a commodity, on which, as a result, the world closed.

In society, leading positions were assigned to merchants of all types and formats. As a result of the "innocent" replacement, the overwhelming majority of the members of the new society began to change their moral attitude. As an example, consider a certain Ivanov in the old days, who was publicly rude to Petrov, who, in turn, had to challenge the offender to a duel, or else pass for a coward, dressed in a stupid cap.

Today things are different. Nothing prevents the conditional Sidorov from insulting the conditional Petrov, since there will be no duel guaranteed. What is generally amazing is that tomorrow it is not necessary for Sidorov and Petrov to wake up as enemies! The same Sidorov in the morning will most likely be offered a mutually beneficial deal. So they turn from potential enemies into partners! Business interest today is put at the forefront. Such concepts as honor and dignity automatically turn into atavism, and they are replaced by a sense of economic expediency.

But, returning to the topic of duels, let's take Pushkin and Dantes as an example. It would look wildly like a situation in which Alexander Sergeyevich in court demands to compensate him for moral damage with money. This means that he evaluates his own honor and dignity in monetary terms. This is how modern citizens of a democratic society act.

The world has changed and this must be acknowledged. This happens regardless of human will. Human relationships today are built on the basis of criteria - goods and money. You need to live in this world, adhering to its laws, in order to become successful.

A “public” comedy with a social clash between the “past century” and the “present century” is called the comedy of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". And it is built in such a way that only Chatsky speaks about the progressive ideas of transforming society, striving for spirituality, about a new morality.

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is a person whom Griboyedov awarded with such traits as independence, love of freedom, generosity of soul. He has his own view of current events, the desire to fight injustice. The hero is literally imbued with love for the people and the desire to resist the brutal serf system that oppresses people. His feelings are sincere and direct. This also applies to the purity of his love in Sophia.

In his work, the playwright created the "new man" of the era. He is not like everyone else, "a stranger", "a renegade", which means he is doomed to misunderstanding and loneliness.
The hero comes into the world with new ideas, thoughts, views. He condemns the mores that have become the basis of the life of the "famus society", rooted in the minds and hearts. Chatsky is a strong and courageous person, ready to fight for his principles and ideals.

But it turns out that his new views are not just unnecessary to anyone, but even harmful. After all, they disturb the peace of what has already been established, turning into a cozy swamp. Chatsky is trying to change something, but it was not there. He is invited to become like everyone else, to abandon his views. But for him to become a gray person in the same crowd is tantamount to moral death.

The hero of the comedy, who has made an unconditional decision to go against the system, remains completely alone. Moreover, the Famus society does not forgive him for independence and love of freedom, spreading a stupid rumor about his madness. It rejects the "madman", expelling him from his world.

Chatsky's loneliness is explained by incompatibility with the society around him. After all, the goals, values, ideals for them are completely different. Representatives of the Famusovs' world cannot recognize Chatsky's views as correct, because then it will be necessary to abandon their cozy little world. And this is impossible for them.

So it turns out that, like for any person who decides to go against the system, the only way out is prepared for Chatsky - the path of an outcast. Two completely different worlds cannot be side by side.

For many of us, such a word as "loneliness" is associated with a certain peculiarity, uniqueness and novelty. Our thinking and perception is influenced by the society around us. Of course, on the one hand, following everyone is good, since it allows you to feel the support of others, and on the other hand, society can stall the development of your personality.

Many are afraid to stand out among others, because often it ends in misunderstanding and condemnation behind their backs. Alexander Griboyedov in his work "Woe from Wit" shows how a person lives who is trying to convey his ideas, which are criticized from all sides. The main character Alexander Chatsky is endowed with the features of an ideal person, he is independent, free and generous. Alexander was a nobleman, because of the early death of his parents, he had to live and grow up in the house of Famusov, who was an old friend of his father. Chatsky was accustomed to freedom from a young age, so he often heard negative words from Famusov in his address. Chatsky wanted to serve the Fatherland, but because of his honesty, he could not last long and his career quickly ended with the words: "I would be glad to serve - it's sickening to serve." In the comedy "Woe from Wit" the image of Chatsky is the only positive one.

The author worked hard to give the hero the qualities that I would like to see in every person. Chatsky is determined to fight injustice, he respects the people and tries to resist the serf system. His sincere intentions are also visible in relation to Sophia. But he had to part with her due to the fact that the main thing for him was the call to serve the Fatherland.

The author created the image of a "new man", endowing him with all the good qualities, on the other hand, this means that Chatsky becomes an outcast of society. In turn, the main character is determined to defend his ideas and principles, but as it turns out, nobody needs everything that Chatsky strives for. Society is not ready to accept something new in its life, because it is much easier to leave everything as it was. Alexander is faced with the choice to become like everyone else, but such a prospect does not please him at all, and the author compares this with moral death.
The idea of ​​the story lies in the contradiction of the character and actions of Chatsky in relation to the Famus world.

Thinking more deeply, you can understand that the author creates the image of an ideal hero who does not receive support in his direction, he himself tries to bring his ideas when many people are against him. Unwilling to understand, he is considered a crazy lunatic. Chatsky is doomed to loneliness because of the society that surrounds him, because among them there are many rich people, with their own whims, and completely different values. All these people live for their own sake, so it’s wild for them to make any concessions. The protagonist is trying to bring some joy, laughter to the Famusovs' house, to convey to these people the concept of tenderness and sincerity, but they cannot understand this, because their main thing is completely different.

Possibilities Chatsky is to some extent to blame for his loneliness. Although he was endowed with all the positive features, he lacked the special flexibility of thinking in order to adapt to society.

Loneliness of Chatsky in the Famus society

In Griboyedov's comedy Woe from Wit, representatives of two worlds collide - the past century and the present century. Chatsky in the work is a representative of the century that replaced the past.

Apparently, at the change of eras, it is always difficult for the new to fight the old foundations of life. So it was simply impossible for Chatsky to prove his new views to representatives of the majority of the nobility, who were unaware of changing anything in life, because everything suited them anyway.

Leaving the service, because in his understanding it is necessary to serve for the benefit of the Fatherland, and not because of his own selfish motives, he began to travel.

Returning from a trip, Alexander Andreevich came to Famusov's house with his advanced views on life and what was happening around him, hoping that changes had already begun in Moscow. But here everything remained the same, so it was difficult for a freedom-loving, intelligent, generous person to do good deeds to communicate with representatives of Moscow circles, but he tried to prove his case.

Chatsky was a great patriot of his homeland and condemned the nobles for hiring governesses and teachers of foreigners. After all, how can such teachers instill in children a love for Russian traditions and patriotism.

Being an ardent critic of serfdom, he was very fond of the common people, complained about the freedom of people, for justice.

How could Famusov's society like this, where the way of life was based on lies, worship of the strong, enrichment. Representatives of this society did not want to give up their cozy world. They could not understand and accept Chatsky's new ideas, which condemn their way of life and customs. Moreover, they considered them insane.

Chatsky is not like everyone else, and therefore he is alone in his ideas and outlook on life. He boldly went against the system, not bending under the foundations imposed on him by society, and refused to become like everyone else, proudly defending his innocence. This only exacerbates his loneliness.

Chatsky was ridiculed, his beloved girl betrayed him, and, finally, they could not forgive him for his love of freedom and expelled him from society, declaring with hatred that he had lost his mind. Frustrated by all this, he goes to look for a "cozy corner" where his new ideas will be understood, and he will not be alone in his thoughts.

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With the help of the image of the protagonist of the work "Woe from Wit" A.S. Griboyedov wanted to show the reader how difficult it is to bring something new into the world, how difficult it is to live in a society where you cannot be understood and accepted because of your progressive thinking. People with new views on life are always alien to society, therefore they are doomed to loneliness. This also applies to Chatsky, because it is not easy to find people who will share his views.

Chatsky is endowed with the ideal features of the human soul. This person has self-esteem, he is educated and smart. Life in an unfair world is unacceptable for him. He tries in every possible way to resist the old orders, telling people about new truths. In the "famus society" Chatsky is considered abnormal, his new views on life are not ready to be accepted by people of the Famus circle, it is much easier for them to continue to live in their swamp with old morals and views. But Chatsky is doomed to loneliness in this vile Famus society.

Faced with lies, deceit, hypocrisy and lack of education, Chatsky begins to directly express his opinion about the mess that is happening around. He opposes the “herd” opinion of the “famus society”. Instead of understanding something, understanding something new, these people cling to the old order. They are simply afraid to leave the herd, so they express their misunderstanding and disgust for Chatsky. People of the “famus society” are ready for anything for the sake of ranks and titles, hypocrisy and selfishness live in them, they don’t know another life and don’t want to know.

Alexander Andreevich has a sense of self-expression, freedom, he will never serve, all this characterizes him as a man of the new time. Chatsky is doomed to loneliness precisely because of this, he is very different from other people, he simply does not have an interlocutor in his mind.

Together with the article “An essay on the topic: Why is Chatsky doomed to loneliness? ("Woe from Wit")" read:

The question of why Chatsky is doomed to loneliness is fundamental for understanding not only the character of this hero, but also the meaning of the entire comedy "Woe from Wit" as a whole. This character from the very beginning of his appearance on the stage attracts the attention of readers, spectators, as well as everyone around him with his outstanding, caustic and sharp mind, unusual sense of humor and boldness of judgment. By this he stands out sharply among the representatives of the old patriarchal Moscow society. This review will show exactly how this character differed from the rest of the characters in the comedy, which ultimately determined the fact that he never had a single like-minded person or supporter.

Character

In order to understand why Chatsky is doomed to loneliness, you first need to pay attention to his personality. This young man is cheerful, witty and sociable.

He is extremely observant, immediately notices the slightest flaws in those around him and immediately ridicules them evilly. In addition, Alexander Andreevich not only observes, but also discusses everything he has seen and heard. He analyzes not only the actions of the people around him, but makes judgments about entire phenomena of social life. Already at least one of these reasons shows why Chatsky is doomed to loneliness. None of those around him liked his criticism of the noble way of life.

But the most important difference between the hero and other characters was that he was too active, emotional and enterprising, while the rest of the characters are presented as people leading a fairly measured lifestyle.

Education

In the upbringing of Alexander Andreevich, one should look for the reasons why Chatsky is doomed to loneliness. From his very first appearance, readers and viewers understand that this man is well-read and very educated.

The hero closely follows socio-political events, he is clearly interested in literature and philosophical teachings, which developed in him a critical mind and powers of observation. Representatives of the Famus society believed that reading books harms the formation of personality. The hero is very skeptical about the education of his contemporary society.

Behavior

The question of why Chatsky is doomed to loneliness in the comedy "Woe from Wit" probably worried anyone who read this work by Griboyedov. The answer can be found in the actions of the protagonist. So, from the very beginning he is too self-confident, which prevents him from seeing Sophia's change towards him, who is the only one from the entire Famus society who could understand him. But Chatsky ridiculed Molchalin too evilly, to whom the girl was not indifferent, which turned her against him. From the very first appearance, the hero begins to sting and criticize the lifestyle of not only the old, but also the younger generation, which led to the final conflict.

Comparison with society

The answer to the question of why Chatsky is doomed to loneliness (with quotes students will be better able to solve this problem) should be in the context of comparing him with the rest of the characters in the work. The hero's statements clearly show his difference from the old Moscow society.

Those whom he so maliciously ridicules throughout the work lived according to ancient traditions, which assumed unconditional submission to superiors. This habit of unconditional obedience was the reason for the famous phrase: "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve." Representatives of the Famus society are conservatives by nature: they do not like any changes and try to preserve old customs. None of them accepts the views expressed by the hero. They are even frightened by the rapid flight of his thoughts, they prefer to remain on their native, familiar soil, which also causes ridicule from the hero, who expresses himself about them like this: “Houses are new, and prejudices are old.” Thus, the author emphasizes the fundamental difference between his character and the people around him. The same can be said about the relationship of the hero with Sophia, who clearly stands out among other characters with her extraordinary mind and independence of thought. However, the girl was not ready for the too bold character of her admirer and his too bold looks.

Plan

In conclusion, we should sum up the reasons for the loneliness of the protagonist. It is best to list them point by point, since this form of presentation allows the student to systematize the material covered.

Reasons for Chatsky's discord with the famuslov society:

1. The independent nature of the hero, the courage of his judgments, a critical view of the world around him.
2. The education of the protagonist, which strikingly distinguished him from the representatives of the old generation.
3. Bold behavior of the character in the light.
4. Divergence of views with representatives of Moscow society.

So, the topic "Why is Chatsky doomed to loneliness", the plan of which is presented above, is the key to the study of Griboyedov's comedy.